{"id":1216,"date":"2023-10-31T10:43:38","date_gmt":"2023-10-31T09:43:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/?p=1216"},"modified":"2023-10-31T10:43:45","modified_gmt":"2023-10-31T09:43:45","slug":"co-lze-tvrdit-o-tucich-z-hlediska-vlivu-na-zdravi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/?p=1216","title":{"rendered":"Co lze tvrdit o tuc\u00edch z hlediska vlivu na zdrav\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Z\u00e1jem ve\u0159ejnosti o zdrav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl roste, proto se st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi doporu\u010den\u00edmi, co m\u00e1me j\u00edst, co omezovat, nebo \u010deho se naopak vyvarovat. U \u0159ady potravin jsou zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1ny prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na zdrav\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich b\u00fdvaj\u00ed dokonce naz\u00fdv\u00e1ny superpotravinami. Pojem \u201esuperpotravina\u201c nen\u00ed specificky definov\u00e1n v r\u00e1mci platn\u00e9 legislativy. Tento pojem se v\u011bt\u0161inou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro potraviny, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl slo\u017eek p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch na organismus (vitaminy, miner\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010di dal\u0161\u00ed biologicky aktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tky jako nap\u0159\u00edklad antioxidanty apod.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zveli\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dink\u016f na zdrav\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vliv superpotravin na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto nadhodnocov\u00e1n. Proto tak\u00e9 odborn\u00edci na v\u00fd\u017eivu pova\u017euj\u00ed tzv. superpotraviny sp\u00ed\u0161e za marketingovou propagaci. Mezi superpotraviny jsou za\u0159azov\u00e1ny i n\u011bkter\u00e9 potraviny, u nich\u017e k tomu nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd d\u016fvod. P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt kokosov\u00fd tuk<\/a>, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 nevhodn\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed mastn\u00fdch kyselin s p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00edm pod\u00edlem nasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin. Pozitivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky spojen\u00e9 s konzumac\u00ed kokosov\u00e9ho tuku pat\u0159\u00ed do sf\u00e9ry m\u00fdt\u016f<\/a>, kter\u00e9 byly na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u011bdeck\u00fdch d\u016fkaz\u016f vyvr\u00e1ceny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spot\u0159ebitel by m\u011bl dost\u00e1vat spr\u00e1vnou v\u011bdecky prov\u011b\u0159enou informaci<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na druhou stranu p\u0159\u00ednos konzumace zdrav\u00ed prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch l\u00e1tek nelze zpochyb\u0148ovat. Hraj\u00ed beze sporu d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v organismu. To, zda a jak\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos pro zdrav\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 potraviny prokazateln\u011b maj\u00ed, vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 ze schv\u00e1len\u00fdch v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00fdch a zdravotn\u00edch tvrzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 plat\u00ed pro v\u0161echny potraviny v\u010detn\u011b tzv. superpotravin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co jsou v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e1 a zdravotn\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tvrzen\u00edm<\/strong> se rozum\u00ed jak\u00e9koliv sd\u011blen\u00ed nebo obrazov\u00e9, grafick\u00e9 \u010di symbolick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, nazna\u010duje, nebo ze kter\u00e9ho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee potravina m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 vlastnosti. Tvrzen\u00ed jsou nepovinn\u00e1. Rozli\u0161ujeme dva typy tvrzen\u00ed: v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e1 a zdravotn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fd\u017eivov\u00fdm tvrzen\u00edm <\/strong>se rozum\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, nazna\u010duje nebo ze kter\u00e9ho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee potravina m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9 vlastnosti v d\u016fsledku energetick\u00e9 (kalorick\u00e9) hodnoty, kterou poskytuje, poskytuje ve sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 \u010di zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e nebo neposkytuje, nebo \u017eivin \u010di jin\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 obsahuje, obsahuje ve sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 \u010di zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e nebo neobsahuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017divinou<\/strong> se rozum\u00ed b\u00edlkoviny, sacharidy, tuky, vl\u00e1knina, sod\u00edk, vitaminy a miner\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed do jedn\u00e9 z t\u011bchto kategori\u00ed, nebo tvo\u0159\u00ed jej\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st. Jinou l\u00e1tkou<\/strong> se rozum\u00ed l\u00e1tka jin\u00e1 ne\u017e \u017eivina, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00fd nebo fyziologick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdravotn\u00edm tvrzen\u00edm <\/strong>se rozum\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, nazna\u010duje nebo ze kter\u00e9ho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee existuje souvislost mezi kategori\u00ed potravin, potravinou nebo n\u011bkterou z jej\u00edch slo\u017eek a zdrav\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podm\u00ednky pro uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00fdch a zdravotn\u00edch tvrzen\u00ed na potravin\u00e1ch upravuje Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a Rady (ES) \u010d. 1924\/2006<\/a> <\/strong>o v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00fdch a zdravotn\u00edch tvrzen\u00edch p\u0159i ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin. Jeho c\u00edlem je p\u0159isp\u011bt k vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni ochrany spot\u0159ebitele. Zaji\u0161\u0165uje, aby ka\u017ed\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed uveden\u00e9 v souvislosti s danou potravinou v r\u00e1mci EU bylo jasn\u00e9, spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00e9 a aby spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm umo\u017e\u0148ovalo \u010dinit pou\u010den\u00e9 a smyslupln\u00e9 volby p\u0159i n\u00e1kupu potravin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010d. 1924\/2006 <\/strong>se net\u00fdk\u00e1 jen uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed na obalech potravin. Pravidla plat\u00ed i pro reklamu \u010di pomocn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly v tiskov\u00e9 \u010di elektronick\u00e9 form\u011b, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdrobci vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed na podporu prodeje. Na to se \u010dasto zapom\u00edn\u00e1 a \u0159ada propaga\u010dn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f se podb\u00edz\u00ed p\u0159ehnan\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinky na zdrav\u00ed. \u010cl\u00e1nky v tisku jsou na tom je\u0161t\u011b h\u016f\u0159e, proto\u017ee jejich obsah nen\u00ed v\u016fbec ni\u010d\u00edm regulov\u00e1n. Auto\u0159i \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f \u010dasto opisuj\u00ed informace jeden od druh\u00e9ho a p\u016fvodn\u00ed zdroj neb\u00fdv\u00e1 obvykle zalo\u017een na v\u011bdeck\u00fdch d\u016fkazech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e1 schv\u00e1len\u00e1 v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se tuk\u016f jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 legislativy?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se tuk\u016f maj\u00ed za c\u00edl odli\u0161it b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 potraviny od preferovan\u00fdch z hlediska celkov\u00e9ho obsahu tuku nebo zastoupen\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin. Tab. I uv\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159ehled schv\u00e1len\u00fdch v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00fdch tvrzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tab. I Schv\u00e1len\u00e1 v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se tuk\u016f a mastn\u00fdch kyselin<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bez tuku<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
S n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem tuku<\/td><\/tr>
Bez nasycen\u00fdch tuk\u016f<\/td><\/tr>
S n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem nasycen\u00fdch tuk\u016f<\/td><\/tr>
Zdroj omega 3 mastn\u00fdch kyselin<\/td><\/tr>
S vysok\u00fdm obsahem omega 3 mastn\u00fdch kyselin<\/td><\/tr>
S vysok\u00fdm obsahem mononenasycen\u00fdch tuk\u016f<\/td><\/tr>
S vysok\u00fdm obsahem polynenasycen\u00fdch tuk\u016f<\/td><\/tr>
S vysok\u00fdm obsahem nenasycen\u00fdch tuk\u016f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Podm\u00ednky, za kter\u00fdch mohou b\u00fdt tvrzen\u00ed pou\u017eity u konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch v\u00fdrobk\u016f, jsou uvedeny v Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (ES) \u010d. 1924\/2006<\/a>.Smyslem prvn\u00edch \u010dty\u0159 tvrzen\u00ed je zviditelnit v\u00fdrobky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00fd nebo v podstat\u011b nulov\u00fd obsah tuku a nasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin, a je\u017e konzumujeme v nadbytku. Ostatn\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed naopak upozor\u0148uj\u00ed na v\u00fdrobky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch nenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdravotn\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuk\u016f a mastn\u00fdch kyselin se t\u00fdk\u00e1 i \u0159ada zdravotn\u00edch tvrzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou prokazateln\u011b podlo\u017eena v\u00fdsledky letit\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu. Z\u00e1m\u011bna nasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin za nenasycen\u00e9 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00fdch doporu\u010den\u00ed odborn\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. To reflektuje zdravotn\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed: \u201eBylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee nahrazen\u00ed nasycen\u00fdch tuk\u016f ve strav\u011b nenasycen\u00fdmi sni\u017euje hladinu cholesterolu v krvi. Vysok\u00e1 hladina cholesterolu je rizikov\u00fdm faktorem pro vznik ischemick\u00e9 choroby srde\u010dn\u00ed.\u201c Typick\u00fdmi z\u00e1stupci polynenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin jsou kyselina linolov\u00e1 z \u0159ady omega 6 a kyselina \u03b1-linolenov\u00e1 (omega 3). Ob\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed mezi esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed, organismus je neum\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et a mus\u00ed proto b\u00fdt p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1ny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm stravy. Jich se t\u00fdk\u00e1 n\u011bkolik zdravotn\u00edch tvrzen\u00ed: \u201eKyselina linolov\u00e1\/kyselina \u03b1-linolenov\u00e1 p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k udr\u017een\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed hladiny cholesterolu v krvi.\u201c \u201eEsenci\u00e1ln\u00ed mastn\u00e9 kyseliny jsou pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro norm\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u016fst a v\u00fdvoj d\u011bt\u00ed.\u201c \u0158epkov\u00fd olej obsahuje vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed obou esenci\u00e1ln\u00edch mastn\u00fdch kyselin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konzumujte pravideln\u011b ryby<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejv\u00edce zdravotn\u00edch tvrzen\u00ed se t\u00fdk\u00e1 omega 3 mastn\u00fdch kyselin s prodlou\u017een\u00fdm \u0159et\u011bzcem. Ty se vyskytuj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v ryb\u00e1ch a typick\u00fdmi z\u00e1stupci jsou kyselina dokosahexaenov\u00e1 (DHA) a eikosapentaenov\u00e1 (EPA). Zde je jejich p\u0159ehled: \u201eDHA p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k udr\u017een\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dinnosti mozku, k norm\u00e1ln\u00edho stavu zraku a k norm\u00e1ln\u00edmu v\u00fdvoji zraku kojenc\u016f do 12 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v\u011bku. P\u0159\u00edjem DHA z t\u011bla matky p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k norm\u00e1ln\u00edmu v\u00fdvoji o\u010d\u00ed plodu a mozku v t\u011ble matky a kojenc\u016f vy\u017eivovan\u00fdch mate\u0159sk\u00fdm ml\u00e9kem. EPA a DHA p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k norm\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dinnosti srdce a k udr\u017een\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00edho krevn\u00edho tlaku.\u201c Pro zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed byla podobn\u011b formulovan\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed slou\u010dena do n\u011bkolika celk\u016f. Podm\u00ednky pou\u017eit\u00ed lze op\u011bt dohledat v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpisech, kde byla jednotliv\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed publikov\u00e1na. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e1 a zdravotn\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se tuk\u016f pom\u00e1haj\u00ed spot\u0159ebiteli k lep\u0161\u00ed orientaci v \u0161irok\u00e9 nab\u00eddce potravin na trhu a jejich p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed je i motivac\u00ed pro v\u00fdrobce zlep\u0161ovat v\u00fd\u017eivovou hodnotu sv\u00fdch produkt\u016f, spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed v dodr\u017een\u00ed podm\u00ednek pro pou\u017eit\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch tvrzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1jem ve\u0159ejnosti o zdrav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl roste, proto se st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi doporu\u010den\u00edmi, co m\u00e1me j\u00edst, co omezovat, nebo \u010deho se naopak vyvarovat. U \u0159ady potravin jsou zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1ny prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na zdrav\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich b\u00fdvaj\u00ed dokonce naz\u00fdv\u00e1ny superpotravinami. Pojem \u201esuperpotravina\u201c nen\u00ed specificky definov\u00e1n v r\u00e1mci platn\u00e9 legislativy. Tento pojem se v\u011bt\u0161inou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro potraviny, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"1080"},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1216"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1216"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1216\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1217,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1216\/revisions\/1217"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1216"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1216"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}