{"id":1101,"date":"2022-10-19T08:57:12","date_gmt":"2022-10-19T06:57:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/?p=1101"},"modified":"2022-10-19T09:55:23","modified_gmt":"2022-10-19T07:55:23","slug":"%ef%bf%bcsledujte-si-svoji-hladinu-cholesterolu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/?p=1101","title":{"rendered":"Sledujte si svoji hladinu cholesterolu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V r\u00e1mci podcastu Radia M prob\u011bhl koncem srpna 2022 rozhovor<\/a> s prof. Vrabl\u00edkem z III. Intern\u00ed kliniky 1. LF UK a VFN v Praze, p\u0159edsedou \u010cesk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti pro ateroskler\u00f3zu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co se v r\u00e1mci rozhovoru dozv\u00edme? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nemoci srdce a c\u00e9v jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed obyvatel \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, co\u017e n\u00e1s \u0159ad\u00ed v tomto ohledu mezi nejhor\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b. Velk\u00fd pod\u00edl na rozvoji nemoc\u00ed srdce a c\u00e9v m\u00e1 dlouhodob\u011b vysok\u00fd cholesterol v krvi, kter\u00fdm v\u011bt\u0161ina dne\u0161n\u00edch lid\u00ed trp\u00ed v d\u016fsledku nezdrav\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu. Vysokou hladinu cholesterolu lze v\u0161ak ovlivnit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cholesterol je pro n\u00e1\u0161 organismus d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cholesterol je l\u00e1tka tukov\u00e9 povahy, ve vod\u011b nerozpustn\u00e1, kter\u00e1 hraje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v metabolismu \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch organism\u016f. Cholesterol je p\u0159\u00edtomen v ka\u017ed\u00e9 bu\u0148ce, kde je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed stavebn\u00ed jednotkou bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny. Bez cholesterolu by bu\u0148ka nemohla \u017e\u00edt. D\u00e1le je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm prekurzorem pro vznik n\u011bkter\u00fdch hormon\u016f a je tak\u00e9 nezbytn\u00fd pro to, aby \u017elu\u010d plnila sv\u00e9 funkce. Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee je cholesterol tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro t\u011blo, tak si ho organismus vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed z v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti s\u00e1m. Odhaduje se, \u017ee pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b dv\u011b t\u0159etiny vznikaj\u00ed takzvanou endogenn\u00ed synt\u00e9zoup\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v j\u00e1trech a jednu t\u0159etinu z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm z potravy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eHodn\u00fd\u201c a \u201ezl\u00fd\u201c cholesterol<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neexistuj\u00ed 2 druhy cholesterolu, cholesterol je jen jeden. D\u00edky jeho nerozpustnosti ve vod\u011b putuje v krvi ve form\u011b komplex\u016f s b\u00edlkovinami, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed rozd\u00edln\u00e9 hustoty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

LDL cholesterol<\/strong> \u2013 laicky \u010dasto naz\u00fdvan\u00fd tak\u00e9 \u201ezl\u00fd\u201c<\/strong> cholesterol, je v\u00e1z\u00e1n v lipoproteinech s n\u00edzkou hustotou, pomoc\u00ed nich\u017e je rozv\u00e1d\u011bn do bun\u011bk v cel\u00e9m organismu. Pokud je ho v na\u0161em organismu nadbytek, za\u010dne se ukl\u00e1dat do st\u011bn art\u00e9ri\u00ed<\/strong> a za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 tvorba aterosklerotick\u00fdch pl\u00e1t\u016f<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

HDL cholesterol<\/strong> \u2013 ozna\u010duje se jako \u201ehodn\u00fd\u201c<\/strong> cholesterol. Lipoproteiny s vysokou hustou zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed transport cholesterolu zp\u011bt do jater, kde je n\u00e1sledn\u011b metabolizov\u00e1n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e9 bychom m\u011bli m\u00edt hladiny cholesterolu v krvi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edmco u krevn\u00edho tlaku definujeme u zdrav\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka norm\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty, u cholesterolu sp\u00ed\u0161e hovo\u0159\u00edme o optim\u00e1ln\u00edch hodnot\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jsou stanoveny pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka individu\u00e1ln\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b za\u0159azen\u00ed do kategori\u00ed dle rizikovosti. Zat\u00edmco n\u00edzko rizikov\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk si m\u016f\u017ee dovolit m\u00edt hladinu LDL cholesterolu a\u017e 3 mmol na litr, osoba, kter\u00e1 je v kategorii nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho rizika (nap\u0159. nemocn\u00fd po infarktu myokardu) by m\u011bl m\u00edt hodnoty pouze v polovi\u010dn\u00ed nebo m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e polovi\u010dn\u00ed koncentraci (1,4 mmol na litr). Hladinu HDL cholesterolu bychom pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b m\u011bli m\u00edt n\u011bkde v rozmez\u00ed 1,3 a\u017e 2 mmol na litr, co\u017e se ukazuje jako optim\u00e1ln\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd d\u016fkaz, \u017ee bychom modifikac\u00ed hladin HDL cholesterolu p\u0159isp\u00edvali ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizika c\u00e9vn\u00edch komplikac\u00ed ateroskler\u00f3zy. Hladinu HDL cholesterolu posuzujeme jako dal\u0161\u00ed ukazatel rizika. Plat\u00ed, je-li n\u00edzk\u00e1, je riziko zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9. Je-li HDL cholesterol velmi vysok\u00fd, a to je to nov\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, je riziko tak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nemus\u00edme se b\u00e1t p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00fdch hladin cholesterolu v krvi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Analytick\u00e1 schopnost laborato\u0159\u00ed detekovat a analyzovat cholesterol se datuje do obdob\u00ed po 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Nem\u00e1me tedy dlouhodob\u00e1 data z popula\u010dn\u00edch skupin. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v\u00edme, \u017ee studium ur\u010dit\u00fdch izolovan\u00fdch populac\u00ed (nap\u0159. kmen\u016f v Africe a Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe) uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee hladiny cholesterolu jsou u nich na t\u0159etin\u00e1ch hodnot v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi hladinami v z\u00e1padn\u00edch populac\u00edch. L\u00e9\u010debn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou zam\u011b\u0159ena na sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed hladiny cholesterolu v krvi, kdy doch\u00e1z\u00ed k redistribuci cholesterolu z krevn\u00edho proudu do nitra bun\u011bk a do tk\u00e1n\u00ed. Celkov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed cholesterolu v organismu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 stejn\u00e9.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ateroskler\u00f3za za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v d\u011btsk\u00e9m v\u011bku<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0158ada lid\u00ed si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee probl\u00e9m ateroskler\u00f3zy se jich net\u00fdk\u00e1, co\u017e nen\u00ed pravda. Inicia\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1ze ateroskler\u00f3zy se v podstat\u011b za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed rozv\u00edjet ji\u017e po narozen\u00ed. Pr\u016fb\u011bh je velmi pomal\u00fd. U zdrav\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka ve 20 letech \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zm\u011bny aterosklerotick\u00fdch l\u00e9z\u00ed nepozorujeme. V \u010dasn\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159echodn\u00e9mu ulo\u017een\u00ed tukov\u00fdch substanc\u00ed do c\u00e9vn\u00ed st\u011bny, kter\u00e9 se mohou zase uvolnit. Proces je vratn\u00fd. Pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1ze, kdy u\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k tvorb\u011b vaziva a z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m, lze \u0159e\u0161it a zastavit jejich progresi. Nejde o to nem\u00edt \u00fapln\u011b \u017e\u00e1dnou ateroskler\u00f3zu, ale p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b stabiln\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nehroz\u00ed akutn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy za\u010d\u00edt s prevenc\u00ed? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dapln\u011b nejlep\u0161\u00ed je za\u010d\u00edt u\u017e v d\u011btsk\u00e9m v\u011bku a nastavit parametry \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu s dostatkem pohybu a zdravou stravou. Absolutn\u00ed podm\u00ednkou je nikdy neza\u010d\u00edt kou\u0159it. Zat\u00edmco riziko n\u00e1dorov\u00e9ho bujen\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na kou\u0159en\u00ed vzr\u016fst\u00e1 po p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 prahov\u00e9 d\u00e1vky vykou\u0159en\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho po\u010dtu bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f cigaret za rok, u vlivu kou\u0159en\u00ed na c\u00e9vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m se jedn\u00e1 o efekt bezprahov\u00fd. I jedna vykou\u0159en\u00e1 cigareta denn\u011b p\u0159edstavuje 80 % rizika toho, kdo kou\u0159\u00ed 30 cigaret denn\u011b.O re\u017eimov\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00edch z hlediska udr\u017een\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00ed hladiny cholesterolu se dozv\u00edme v\u00edce v \u010dl\u00e1nku <\/a> reaguj\u00edc\u00edm na rozhovor Radia M s prof. Rosolovou.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V r\u00e1mci podcastu Radia M prob\u011bhl koncem srpna 2022 rozhovor s prof. Vrabl\u00edkem z III. Intern\u00ed kliniky 1. LF UK a VFN v Praze, p\u0159edsedou \u010cesk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti pro ateroskler\u00f3zu.  Co se v r\u00e1mci rozhovoru dozv\u00edme?  Nemoci srdce a c\u00e9v jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed obyvatel \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, co\u017e n\u00e1s \u0159ad\u00ed v tomto ohledu mezi nejhor\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b. Velk\u00fd […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"2880"},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1101"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1101"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1115,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1101\/revisions\/1115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}