{"id":566,"date":"2019-11-28T10:19:11","date_gmt":"2019-11-28T09:19:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/?page_id=566"},"modified":"2019-11-28T10:36:24","modified_gmt":"2019-11-28T09:36:24","slug":"pestovani-repky","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/?page_id=566","title":{"rendered":"P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159epky"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“4.0.1″][et_pb_row column_structure=“3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=“4.0.1″][et_pb_column type=“3_5″ _builder_version=“4.0.1″][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.0.1″ text_line_height=“1.9em“]<\/p>\n

P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159epky<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Doba set\u00ed \u0159epky olejky je v obdob\u00ed 10. a\u017e 25. srpna<\/strong>. Vlivem \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed a d\u00edky roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm mo\u017enostem o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed rostlin se lh\u016fta prodlu\u017euje do za\u010d\u00e1tku z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. V dob\u011b kl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed a vzch\u00e1zen\u00ed vy\u017eaduje dostatek vl\u00e1hy<\/strong>. Tvorba siln\u00fdch ko\u0159en\u016f m\u00e1 rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed vliv na utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed porostu a v\u00fdvoj p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem zimy. \u0158epka nen\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 na teplotu<\/strong>. Vy\u017eaduje nejl\u00e9pe hlinit\u00e9 a\u017e p\u00eds\u010ditohlinit\u00e9 p\u016fdy. Nevyhovuj\u00ed j\u00ed p\u016fdy extr\u00e9mn\u011b kysel\u00e9, p\u00eds\u010dit\u00e9, vysychav\u00e9, stejn\u011b i t\u011b\u017eko zpracovateln\u00e9. P\u0159i d\u00e9le trvaj\u00edc\u00edch holomrazech hroz\u00ed vymrznut\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Kvete v  dubnu a\u017e kv\u011btnu. Kvetouc\u00ed \u0159epka poskytuje v\u00fdborn\u00fd zdroj pylu a nektaru pro v\u010dely<\/strong>. Obdob\u00ed kv\u011btu je pom\u011brn\u011b dlouh\u00e9, 3\u20134 t\u00fddny. Plodem je \u0161e\u0161ule obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed 15\u201320 semen. Vzhledem k d\u00e9le trvaj\u00edc\u00edmu obdob\u00ed kv\u011btu plody dozr\u00e1vaj\u00ed nepravideln\u011b<\/strong>. Sklize\u0148 obvykle za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v  polovin\u011b \u010dervence.<\/p>\n

P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159epky, podobn\u011b jako prakticky v\u0161ech zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch plodin, se neobejde bez o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a ochrany rostlin<\/strong>. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se r\u016fzn\u00e1 hnojiva pro r\u016fst rostlin, pesticidy pro jejich ochranu p\u0159ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdmi \u010diniteli (choroby, \u0161k\u016fdci, plevele) a regul\u00e1tory a stimul\u00e1tory r\u016fstu, kter\u00e9 zlep\u0161uj\u00ed odolnost a vlastnosti rostlin p\u0159i jejich r\u016fstu a v\u00fdvoji.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edpravky, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed na o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed \u0159epky, se z\u00e1rove\u0148 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed<\/strong> p\u0159i p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed brambor, cukrovky, luskovin, kuku\u0159ice, je\u010dmene, p\u0161enice, \u017eita, zeleniny, v ovocn\u00fdch sadech a n\u011bkter\u00e9 i v les\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159epky plat\u00ed z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 pravidla<\/strong>, tzv. integrovan\u00e1 ochrana rostlin, kter\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u011b sni\u017euj\u00ed, a\u017e vylu\u010duj\u00ed rizika<\/strong> spojen\u00e1 s p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u00e9to plodiny. Striktn\u00edm v\u00fdb\u011brem p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f s n\u00edzk\u00fdm stupn\u011bm rizika a pou\u017eit\u00edm proti\u00faletov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed pro v\u0161echny zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 plodiny se tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed o\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pol\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti lidsk\u00fdch obydl\u00ed, park\u016f a jin\u00fdch intenzivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch ploch.<\/p>\n

Dva dny p\u0159ed pl\u00e1novan\u00fdm pou\u017eit\u00edm pesticid\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed k povinnosti p\u011bstitele informovat v\u010dela\u0159e<\/strong> v okruhu p\u011bti kilometr\u016f. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blci p\u0159istupuj\u00ed k dan\u00e9mu probl\u00e9mu citliv\u011b a vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k post\u0159ik\u016fm ve\u010dern\u00ed hodiny, kdy v\u010dely nel\u00e9taj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00fdch osevn\u00edch postupech je \u0159epka v\u00fdborn\u00fdm p\u0159eru\u0161ova\u010dem<\/strong>, zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00fdnosy n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u011bstovan\u00fdch plodin, nej\u010dast\u011bji ozim\u00fdch obilnin (p\u0161enice).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=“2_5″ _builder_version=“4.0.1″][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/seti-pestovani-repky.jpg“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ hover_enabled=“0″ box_shadow_style=“preset2″ animation_style=“slide“][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/osetreni-pestovani-repky.jpg“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ hover_enabled=“0″ box_shadow_style=“preset2″ animation_style=“slide“][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/prezimovani-pestovani-repky.jpg“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ hover_enabled=“0″ box_shadow_style=“preset2″ animation_style=“slide“][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kvet-pestovani-repky.jpg“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ hover_enabled=“0″ box_shadow_style=“preset2″ animation_style=“slide“][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/sesule-pestovani-repky.jpg“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ hover_enabled=“0″ box_shadow_style=“preset2″ animation_style=“slide“][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=“https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/sklizen-pestovani-repky.jpg“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ hover_enabled=“0″ box_shadow_style=“preset2″ animation_style=“slide“][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“4.0.1″][et_pb_row column_structure=“3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=“4.0.1″][et_pb_column type=“3_5″ _builder_version=“4.0.1″][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.0.1″ text_line_height=“1.9em“] P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159epky Doba set\u00ed \u0159epky olejky je v obdob\u00ed 10. a\u017e 25. srpna. Vlivem \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed a d\u00edky roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm mo\u017enostem o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed rostlin se lh\u016fta prodlu\u017euje do za\u010d\u00e1tku z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. V dob\u011b kl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed a vzch\u00e1zen\u00ed vy\u017eaduje dostatek vl\u00e1hy. Tvorba siln\u00fdch ko\u0159en\u016f m\u00e1 rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed vliv na utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed porostu a v\u00fdvoj p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem zimy. \u0158epka nen\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":8,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"\n[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.0.1\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.0.1\" column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\"][et_pb_column _builder_version=\"4.0.1\" type=\"3_5\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.0.1\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_line_height=\"1.9em\"]\n

Historie p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159epky a\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje<\/strong><\/h3>\nN\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1stupci rodu brukev (Brassica), zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edho asi 30 druh\u016f rostlin z\u00a0\u010deledi brukvovit\u00fdch (Brassicaceae), pat\u0159\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b k\u00a0<\/span>nejstar\u0161\u00edm zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdm plodin\u00e1m<\/strong>. Existuj\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy ze starov\u011bk\u00e9 Indie, datovan\u00e9 do obdob\u00ed <\/span>2000\u20131500 let p\u0159ed Kristem<\/strong>, o\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje na va\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0sv\u00edcen\u00ed. \u010c\u00edna a jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropa byly prvn\u00edmi oblastmi, kde se brukev \u0159epka (Brassica napus) c\u00edlev\u011bdom\u011b p\u011bstovala. V Evrop\u011b se tato plodina vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b <\/span>od roku 1200<\/strong>. P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159epky v \u010cech\u00e1ch a na Morav\u011b je dostate\u010dn\u011b zdokumentov\u00e1no <\/span>od roku 1868<\/strong> a\u017e po sou\u010dasnost, ale existuj\u00ed i\u00a0star\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1znamy, nap\u0159. z\u00a0obdob\u00ed vl\u00e1dy Marie Terezie (1741\u20131780), o\u00a0v\u00fdskytu \u0159epky na \u010desk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/span>\n\n\u0158epkov\u00fd olej se p\u016fvodn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edval v\u00edce pro <\/span>technick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely<\/strong>, nap\u0159\u00edklad jako olej na sv\u00edcen\u00ed, pozd\u011bji jej nahradil petrolej. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje pro technick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely je aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed i\u00a0dnes. Z\u00a0oleje se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed methylestery mastn\u00fdch kyselin s\u00a0jejich n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm ve vzn\u011btov\u00fdch motorech bez nutnosti konstruk\u010dn\u00edch \u00faprav. Takto upraven\u00fd olej se chov\u00e1 podobn\u011b jako nafta, proto se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs.<\/span>\n\nV\u00a0dob\u011b v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 potravinov\u00e9 nouze se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pro <\/span>potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely<\/strong>. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed olej v\u0161ak obsahoval p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 45 % kyseliny erukov\u00e9. Ve studi\u00edch na zv\u00ed\u0159atech p\u0159i vysok\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edjmu kyseliny erukov\u00e9 doch\u00e1zelo k\u00a0negativn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m srde\u010dn\u00edho svalu\u00b9.<\/span>\n\nC\u00edlev\u011bdomou prac\u00ed mnoha \u0161lechtitelsk\u00fdch t\u00fdm\u016f v\u00a0Evrop\u011b a\u00a0Kanad\u011b byl u\u017e v\u00a070. letech obsah t\u00e9to mastn\u00e9 kyseliny postupn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een a\u017e na zlomek p\u016fvodn\u00edho obsahu. U\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00fdch odr\u016fd \u0159epky nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt obsah kyseliny erukov\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 2 %. Re\u00e1ln\u011b se v\u0161ak pohybuje nej\u010dast\u011bji na \u00farovni n\u011bkolika desetin procenta, \u010dasto pod mez\u00ed detekce b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch analytick\u00fdch metod. A\u0165 ji\u017e se setk\u00e1me s\u00a0pojmy <\/span>bezerukov\u00e9 \u010di n\u00edzkoerukov\u00e9 odr\u016fdy \u0159epky<\/strong>, jedn\u00e1 se v\u017edy prakticky o\u00a0tot\u00e9\u017e. Kyselina erukov\u00e1 v\u00a0takto n\u00edzk\u00e9m pod\u00edlu \u010din\u00ed \u0159epkov\u00fd olej zcela bezpe\u010dn\u00fd.<\/span>\n\nOdborn\u00edci na v\u00fd\u017eivu pova\u017euj\u00ed \u0159epkov\u00fd olej z\u00a0hlediska jeho v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9 hodnoty za <\/span>jeden z\u00a0nejlep\u0161\u00edch olej\u016f<\/strong>, kter\u00fd v\u00a0mnoh\u00e9m p\u0159ed\u010d\u00ed olej olivov\u00fd.<\/span>\n\n\u00b9 Abdellatif, A.M.M. and Vles, R.O. (1970). Biological effects of dietary rapeseed oil in rats. Nutr. Metab. 12: 285.<\/em>\n\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column _builder_version=\"4.0.1\" type=\"2_5\"][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/casova-osa.png\" _builder_version=\"4.0.1\" hover_enabled=\"0\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]\n","_et_gb_content_width":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/566"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=566"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/566\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":586,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/566\/revisions\/586"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=566"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}