\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nJe pravdou, \u017ee se obecn\u011b v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, tedy i p\u0159i p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159epky, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 ni\u010d\u00ed jak \u0161k\u016fdce zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch plodin, tak i p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 organismy, mimo jin\u00e9 i v\u010dely. Je ale nutn\u00e9 podotknout, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd zem\u011bd\u011blec tyto l\u00e1tky nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 proto, aby v\u010delstva likvidoval, ale proto, \u017ee chce ochr\u00e1nit sv\u00e1 pole proti \u0161kodliv\u00fdm \u010dinitel\u016fm.<\/p>\n
Pro aplikaci insekticid\u016f plat\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 pravidla, nap\u0159. to, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u011bstitel mus\u00ed nahl\u00e1sit pou\u017eit\u00ed insekticidu dva dny p\u0159ed post\u0159ikem v\u0161em v\u010dela\u0159\u016fm v\u00a0okruhu p\u011bti kilometr\u016f. D\u00e1le pak aplikovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky maj\u00ed samy dosti v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed p\u0159i jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed. Je tak\u00e9 nutno \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 insekticidy jsou deklarovan\u00e9 jako pro v\u010dely ne\u0161kodn\u00e9, tak\u017ee riziko po\u0161kozen\u00ed v\u010delstev je v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed velmi mal\u00e9. V\u011bt\u0161ina p\u011bstitel\u016f tak\u00e9 aplikuje tyto pesticidy v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy se v\u00a0porostech nenach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u010dely. N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky obsa\u017een\u00e9 v\u00a0insekticidech dokonce pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u010dela\u0159i p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b v\u010delstev napaden\u00fdch varo\u00e1zou (tau\u2013fluvalin\u00e1t v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpravku Mavrik).<\/p>\n
Mimoto \u0159epka funguje v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b z\u00a0hlediska v\u010del jako velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 medonosn\u00e1 plodina, resp. jako v\u00fdborn\u00fd zdroj pylu a\u00a0nektaru a\u00a0v\u010dela\u0159i jsou obvykle velmi r\u00e1di za to, pokud sv\u00e1 v\u010delstva mohou um\u00edstit do bl\u00edzkosti \u0159epkov\u00fdch porost\u016f.<\/p>\n
V\u00edce informac\u00ed: http:\/\/tvzemedelec.cz\/vztah-mezi-vcelami-repkou-a-insekticidy\/<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“Kvetouc\u00ed pole \u0159epky zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed alergie.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n
\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nAlergie je specifick\u00e1 (abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed) imunitn\u00ed reakce vyprovokovan\u00e1 tzv. antigenem (alergenem). Alergi\u00ed je mnoho typ\u016f a\u00a0mohou vzniknout kdykoliv b\u011bhem \u017eivota. Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 evropsk\u00e1 populace je citliv\u00e1 mnohem v\u00edce ne\u017e v\u00a0minulosti na velmi \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum alergen\u016f. Projevy alergie jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9 a\u00a0mohou m\u00edt podobu od ban\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00fdmy a\u017e po anafylaktick\u00fd \u0161ok kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed \u00famrt\u00edm.<\/p>\n
Jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch alergi\u00ed je tzv. polin\u00f3za, alergie na pyl. \u0158epka je d\u00edky v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 barv\u011b kv\u011btu a specifick\u00e9 v\u016fni velmi n\u00e1padn\u00e1. Kvete ve stejnou dobu jako b\u0159\u00edzy, traviny \u010di obilniny, jejich\u017e pyl pat\u0159\u00ed mezi siln\u00e9 alergeny. Proto\u017ee v\u0161ak nemaj\u00ed tak v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 kv\u011btenstv\u00ed, mnoho lid\u00ed ani nenapadne d\u00e1vat si do souvislosti jejich kveten\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdmi alergick\u00fdmi pot\u00ed\u017eemi.<\/p>\n
\u0158epkov\u00fd pyl se ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, nebo\u0165 pylov\u00e1 zrna \u0159epky jsou pom\u011brn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 a\u00a0hrudkuj\u00ed se. K\u00a0bli\u017e\u0161\u00edmu kontaktu citliv\u00fdch jedinc\u016f s\u00a0pylem tak doch\u00e1z\u00ed jen v\u00a0t\u011bsn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti pol\u00ed. Vliv \u0159epkov\u00e9ho pylu jako\u017eto alergenu byl sledov\u00e1n v\u00a0mnoha studi\u00edch a\u00a0sah\u00e1 ji\u017e des\u00edtky let do historie. Nap\u0159\u00edklad byly dlouhodob\u011b sledov\u00e1ny reakce jedinc\u016f z\u00a0cel\u00e9 vesnice, kdy byla pravideln\u011b v\u00a0okol\u00ed vys\u00e9van\u00e1 \u0159epka. Zhor\u0161en\u00e9 projevy (ka\u0161el, k\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed, bolesti hlavy) byly sp\u00ed\u0161e pozorov\u00e1ny u\u00a0ji\u017e alergick\u00fdch jedinc\u016f na jin\u00fd alergen \u010di u\u00a0jedinc\u016f maj\u00edc\u00edch ji\u017e jin\u00e9 bronchi\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my (nap\u0159. ku\u0159\u00e1ci apod.). U\u00a0zdrav\u00fdch jedinc\u016f byly zhor\u0161en\u00e9 bronchi\u00e1ln\u00ed projevy sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9. V\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch studi\u00edch se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee osob specificky alergick\u00fdch na \u0159epkov\u00fdch pyl je cca 0,2 %. V\u011bt\u0161ina alergik\u016f maj\u00ed tzv. zk\u0159\u00ed\u017eenou reaktivitu \u2013 kombinace r\u016fzn\u00fdch pylov\u00fdch alergen\u016f. \u0158epka je tedy m\u00edrn\u00fdm alergenem. V\u00fdskyt skute\u010dn\u00e9 alergie na pyl \u0159epky je v\u00a0populaci sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00fdjimkou.<\/p>\n
V\u00edce informac\u00ed: http:\/\/www.szu.cz\/uploads\/documents\/chzp\/ovzdusi\/konz_dny_a_seminare\/2007\/6_repka.pdf https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=u03eVcRC0Rw<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“\u0158epkov\u00fd olej je produkt pro technick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, hod\u00ed se jen do motor\u016f.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n
\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nNa pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch produkt\u016f prim\u00e1rn\u011b ur\u010den\u00fdch k\u00a0v\u00fdrob\u011b potravin pro technick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely nen\u00ed nic \u0161patn\u00e9ho a\u00a0ani mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho. Nejen \u0159epka, ale i\u00a0brambory, cukrov\u00e1 \u0159epa, p\u0161enice nebo konop\u00ed na\u0161ly sv\u00e9 technick\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a\u00a0technick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed spolu v\u016fbec nesouvis\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Tuky a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mastn\u00e9 kyseliny v nich obsa\u017een\u00e9 maj\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b nenahraditelnou funkci. Jako alternativn\u00ed zdroj energie se daj\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt i v technick\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch. Technologie p\u0159em\u011bny oleje na methylestery mastn\u00fdch kyselin umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017eit\u00ed olej\u016f ve vzn\u011btov\u00fdch motorech bez nutnosti strojn\u00edch \u00faprav. Takto upraven\u00e9 oleje se chovaj\u00ed podobn\u011b jako nafta, proto se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs. Jedn\u00e1 se o technologii zcela odli\u0161nou od v\u00fdroby potravin.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“\u0158epkov\u00fd olej je pod\u0159adn\u00e9 kvality a m\u00e1 nevhodn\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed mastn\u00fdch kyselin.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n
\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nD\u016fvodem, pro\u010d je \u0159epkov\u00fd olej vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako olej ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed kvality, b\u00fdv\u00e1 jeho n\u00edzk\u00e1 cena. \u0158epkov\u00fd olej z d\u016fvod\u016f roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jeho p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdnos\u016f a n\u00e1klad\u016f na v\u00fdrobu pat\u0159\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b mezi levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oleje.<\/p>\n
N\u00edzk\u00e1 cena v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1 n\u00edzkou kvalitu.<\/p>\n
\u0158ada obchodn\u00edch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f nab\u00edz\u00ed \u0159epkov\u00fd olej kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b v\u00a0akc\u00edch za cenu ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tr\u017en\u00ed. Cenu ovliv\u0148uje i\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed nab\u00eddka a\u00a0popt\u00e1vka na trhu. Pokud byly v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9m marketinkov\u00e9m roce ne zcela vyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice nebo i\u00a0zem\u00edch Evropsk\u00e9 unie, kde se \u0159epka p\u011bstuje, a\u00a0v\u00fdnosy byly ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e obvykl\u00e9, zved\u00e1 se cena \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje a\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e cena oleje slune\u010dnicov\u00e9ho nebo s\u00f3jov\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n
Opak je pravdou. Z\u00a0pohledu v\u00fd\u017eivy i\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159e kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho uplatn\u011bn\u00ed je \u0159epkov\u00fd olej ide\u00e1ln\u00ed volbou. Mezi odborn\u00edky na v\u00fd\u017eivu na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b jednozna\u010dn\u011b p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 n\u00e1zor, \u017ee \u0159epkov\u00fd olej je z\u00a0hlediska skladby mastn\u00fdch kyselin a\u00a0jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho pom\u011bru jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f pro lidskou spot\u0159ebu. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed \u0159epkov\u00fd olej dokonce p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 i\u00a0vysoce cen\u011bn\u00fd olej olivov\u00fd. Obsahuje relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 procento ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch nasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin a\u00a0naopak vysok\u00e9 procento preferovan\u00fdch omega 3 polynenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin, kter\u00fdch m\u00e1me ve strav\u011b nedostatek. V oleji jsou rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed omega 6 polynenasycen\u00e9 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny v mno\u017estv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k udr\u017een\u00ed jejich p\u0159\u00edjmu v r\u00e1mci celkov\u00e9 stravy.<\/p>\n
\u0158ada spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch pr\u016fzkum\u016f ukazuje, \u017ee se b\u011b\u017en\u00fd spot\u0159ebitel neorientuje v\u00a0problematice v\u00fd\u017eivy, nezn\u00e1 slo\u017een\u00ed \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje, a\u00a0t\u00edm i\u00a0jeho p\u0159ednosti. Kombinace vysok\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9 hodnoty a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 ceny je jeho dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“\u0158epkov\u00fd olej obsahuje kyselinu erukovou, kter\u00e1 je zdrav\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e1.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n
\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0158epkov\u00fd olej obsahuje nepatrn\u00e9 a zdrav\u00ed naprosto ne\u0161kodn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed kyseliny erukov\u00e9. Vyr\u00e1b\u00ed se z\u00e1sadn\u011b z odr\u016fd ozna\u010dovan\u00fdch jako bezerukov\u00e9 \u010di n\u00edzkoerukov\u00e9. Obavy v\u0161ak st\u00e1le p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na ve star\u0161\u00ed generaci, kter\u00e1 byla v dob\u011b v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 potravinov\u00e9 nouze nucena pou\u017e\u00edvat olej ur\u010den\u00fd p\u016fvodn\u011b pro sv\u00edcen\u00ed. Ten obsahoval p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 45 % kyseliny erukov\u00e9. Ve studi\u00edch na zv\u00ed\u0159atech p\u0159i vysok\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edjmu kyseliny erukov\u00e9 doch\u00e1zelo k negativn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m srde\u010dn\u00edho svalu. C\u00edlev\u011bdomou prac\u00ed mnoha \u0161lechtitelsk\u00fdch t\u00fdm\u016f v Evrop\u011b a Kanad\u011b byl u\u017e v 70. letech obsah t\u00e9to mastn\u00e9 kyseliny postupn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een a\u017e na zlomek p\u016fvodn\u00edho obsahu. U sou\u010dasn\u00fdch odr\u016fd \u0159epky nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt obsah kyseliny erukov\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 2 %. Re\u00e1ln\u011b se v\u0161ak pohybuje nej\u010dast\u011bji na \u00farovni n\u011bkolika desetin procenta, \u010dasto pod mez\u00ed detekce b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 analytick\u00e9 metody. A\u0165 ji\u017e se setk\u00e1me s pojmy bezerukov\u00e9 \u010di n\u00edzkoerukov\u00e9 odr\u016fdy \u0159epky, jedn\u00e1 se v\u017edy prakticky o tot\u00e9\u017e. Kyselina erukov\u00e1 v takto n\u00edzk\u00e9m pod\u00edlu \u010din\u00ed \u0159epkov\u00fd olej zcela bezpe\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“Rafinace \u0159epkov\u00e9mu oleji \u0161kod\u00ed. Olej se zbavuje prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. P\u0159i rafinaci vznikaj\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9 voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n
\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nSurov\u00fd olej obsahuje \u0159adu ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 se odstra\u0148uj\u00ed v procesu rafinace.<\/p>\n
Rafinac\u00ed se olej zbavuje zbytk\u016f mechanick\u00fdch ne\u010distot, bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed, b\u00edlkovin a\u00a0sacharid\u016f, vody a\u00a0doprovodn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00fdmi mohou b\u00fdt stopy pesticid\u016f, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch kov\u016f nebo dal\u0161\u00edch kontaminant\u016f, je\u017e p\u0159e\u0161ly z\u00a0\u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. D\u00e1le se odstra\u0148uj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 barevn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (nap\u0159. chlorofyl), kter\u00e9 negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed chu\u0165ov\u00e9 vlastnosti oleje, zbytkov\u00fd obsah vody do 1 %, kter\u00fd se m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1zat na rostlinn\u00e9 slizy a\u00a0fosfolipidy a\u00a0spolu s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdmi b\u00edlkovinami m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u017eivnou p\u016fdou pro mikroorganismy. Rafinace odstran\u00ed tak\u00e9 zbytkov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti bun\u011bk semen, obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed lipolytick\u00e9 enzymy, kter\u00e9 z\u00a0tuku uvol\u0148uj\u00ed voln\u00e9 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny a\u00a0zhor\u0161uj\u00ed jeho jakost.<\/p>\n
Na druhou stranu se p\u0159i rafinaci rovn\u011b\u017e sni\u017euje obsah prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch biologicky aktivn\u00edch l\u00e1tek, jako jsou tokoferoly (vitam\u00edn E) a\u00a0rostlinn\u00e9 steroly. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed obsahu tokoferol\u016f a\u00a0rostlinn\u00fdch sterol\u016f je v\u0161ak pouze \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00a0rozsahu 20 a\u017e 30 % z\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed. P\u0159esto m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jejich obsah v rafinovan\u00fdch olej\u00edch vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00a0olej\u00edch za studena lisovan\u00fdch. Jak je to mo\u017en\u00e9? P\u0159i lisov\u00e1n\u00ed za studena z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edce tokoferol\u016f a\u00a0rostlinn\u00fdch sterol\u016f v\u00a0semeni a\u00a0do oleje jich p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b. Oleje lisovan\u00e9 za studena se obvykle nerafinuj\u00ed. Proto nelze porovn\u00e1vat ztr\u00e1tu tokoferol\u016f p\u0159i rafinaci s\u00a0jejich obsahem v\u00a0olej\u00edch lisovan\u00fdch za studena. Oleje proch\u00e1zej\u00ed jin\u00fdmi procesy. Biologicky cennou skupinou jsou fosfolipidy, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch membr\u00e1n. Ty se v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu rafinace z\u00a0oleje odstran\u00ed. Z\u00a0hlediska v\u00fd\u017eivy mohou m\u00edt v\u00fdznam pouze v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy\u017e nedojde k\u00a0jejich rozkladu p\u0159i tepeln\u00e9 \u00faprav\u011b potravin. Jinak je jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Rafinac\u00ed se tedy nezhor\u0161uje kvalita oleje, mastn\u00e9 kyseliny z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00a0podstat\u011b nezm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9. Rafinovan\u00fd olej m\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo kyselosti a\u00a0peroxidov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo ne\u017e surov\u00fd i\u00a0lisovan\u00fd za studena. Obsahuje tedy m\u00e9n\u011b voln\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin a\u00a0prim\u00e1rn\u00edch oxida\u010dn\u00edch produkt\u016f. Voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly nevznikaj\u00ed jen p\u0159i rafinaci, ale i\u00a0p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m skladov\u00e1n\u00ed olej\u016f a\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed olej\u016f v\u00a0kuchyni. Pokud vznikaj\u00ed mimo organizmus, tak i\u00a0rychle zanikaj\u00ed d\u00edky jejich reaktivit\u011b. Re\u00e1ln\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje jejich vznik v\u00a0organizmu. Oleje s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm peroxidov\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem zvy\u0161uj\u00ed potenci\u00e1l tvorby voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1lu v\u00a0lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“\u0158epkov\u00fd olej obsahuje velk\u00fd pod\u00edl nenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin, proto m\u00e1 omezen\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i kuchy\u0148sk\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch. Nehod\u00ed se k p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b tepeln\u011b upravovan\u00fdch pokrm\u016f.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n
\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nNaopak, \u0159epkov\u00fd olej lze pou\u017e\u00edt k\u00a0va\u0159en\u00ed, du\u0161en\u00ed i\u00a0na p\u0159\u00edpravu studen\u00fdch pokrm\u016f. D\u00edky relativn\u011b vysok\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 stabilit\u011b je \u0159epkov\u00fd olej ide\u00e1ln\u00ed na jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 sma\u017een\u00ed a\u00a0pe\u010den\u00ed. Z\u00a0tohoto pohledu je nap\u0159\u00edklad vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e slune\u010dnicov\u00fd olej.<\/p>\n
Obohat\u00ed sal\u00e1tov\u00e9 z\u00e1livky i\u00a0nakl\u00e1danou zeleninu. Hod\u00ed se pro p\u0159\u00edpravu n\u011bkter\u00fdch mou\u010dn\u00edk\u016f. Uplatn\u011bn\u00ed najde v\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9 i\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kuchyni. Na rozd\u00edl od oleje sezamov\u00e9ho, d\u00fd\u0148ov\u00e9ho \u010di olivov\u00e9ho nep\u016fsob\u00ed dominantn\u00edm dojmem a\u00a0pouze dolad\u00ed chu\u0165 z\u00e1kladn\u00edch surovin pokrm\u016f.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice se p\u011bstuje GMO \u0159epka. \u0160kod\u00ed to p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b i lidem.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n
\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nGeneticky modifikovan\u00e9 plodiny se ve sv\u011bt\u011b p\u011bstuj\u00ed v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b asi na 180 mil. ha, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 cca 10 % v\u0161ech na planet\u011b zem\u011bd\u011blsky obd\u011bl\u00e1van\u00fdch ploch. Mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi a\u00a0plodinami jsou v\u0161ak obrovsk\u00e9 rozd\u00edly. K\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm p\u011bstitel\u016fm GM plodin pat\u0159\u00ed USA, Braz\u00edlie, Argentina, Indie a\u00a0Kanada. Hlavn\u00edmi GM plodinami jsou s\u00f3ja, bavln\u00edk, kuku\u0159ice a\u00a0\u0159epka.<\/p>\n
V\u00a0Evrop\u011b je v\u0161ak situace \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e1. V\u00a0d\u016fsledku velmi p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 legislativy EU se v\u0161ak GM \u0159epka v\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zemi EU, v\u010detn\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, nep\u011bstuje, a\u00a0v\u00a0nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch letech se na tom velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nic nezm\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Ot\u00e1zkou z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, zda je to dob\u0159e nebo \u0161patn\u011b, nebo\u0165 v\u0161echny GM plodiny p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed p\u011bstiteli \u010di spot\u0159ebiteli n\u011bjakou v\u00fdhodu. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se jedn\u00e1 o \u00fasporu n\u00e1klad\u016f spojen\u00fdch s agrotechnikou a v d\u016fsledku men\u0161\u00edho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pesticid\u016f tak\u00e9 o p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Nap\u0159. v Kanad\u011b, kter\u00e1 je zn\u00e1ma d\u016fraznou ochranou sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody, jsou GM \u0159epka, kuku\u0159ice, s\u00f3ja a \u0159epa cukrov\u00e1 p\u011bstov\u00e1ny na ploch\u00e1ch v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e 11 mil. ha. \u0158epku tu p\u0159itom nalezneme ve v\u00edce ne\u017e 97 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f pr\u00e1v\u011b v podob\u011b geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 plodiny a zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b Kana\u010fan\u016f to v\u016fbec nevad\u00ed.<\/p>\n
V\u00edce informac\u00ed: http:\/\/www.isaaa.org\/resources\/publications\/briefs\/51\/executivesummary\/default.asp http:\/\/www.biotrin.cz\/plochy-s-gm-plodinami-ve-svete-poprve-poklesly\/ http:\/\/www.mzp.cz\/C1257458002F0DC7\/cz\/aktualni_informace\/$FILE\/oeres-rizika_ucinky_GMO-20161101.pdf<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“P\u0159i kveten\u00ed \u0159epky je pyl v\u0161ude\u2026.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n
\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0158epka je v\u00fdznamnou medonosnou rostlinou. Po\u010d\u00e1tek kveten\u00ed je zpravidla od poloviny dubna a\u00a0trv\u00e1 v\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti na pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch 3 a\u017e 5 t\u00fddn\u016f. P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b je rostlinou samospra\u0161nou, av\u0161ak se zna\u010dn\u00fdm pod\u00edlem cizospr\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. O\u00a0cizospr\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed se z\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 procent star\u00e1 hmyz a\u00a0o\u00a0zbytek pak v\u00edtr. Pod\u00edl \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u011btrem nen\u00ed tedy tak enormn\u00ed, jak si \u0159ada lid\u00ed mysl\u00ed. Nav\u00edc \u0159epkov\u00fd pyl se ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, nebo\u0165 pylov\u00e1 zrna jsou t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 a\u00a0hrudkuj\u00ed se.<\/p>\n
N\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdroky obhajuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159epku, \u017ee se pylov\u00e1 zrna \u0159epky ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed v\u011btrem v\u016fbec, jsou stejn\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed, jako v\u00fdroky o \u017elut\u00fdch autech v obdob\u00ed p\u0159elomu dubna a kv\u011btna, kter\u00e1 jsou \u00fadajn\u011b pokryta \u201e\u017elut\u00fdm \u0159epkov\u00fdm pylem\u201c. V tomto obdob\u00ed kvete \u0159ada jin\u00fdch rostlin nebo d\u0159evin. Pyl t\u011bchto rostlin, respektive d\u0159evin, je \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n s pylem \u0159epkov\u00fdm. Podstatn\u00fdm faktem ve prosp\u011bch \u0159epky je pr\u00e1v\u011b cizospra\u0161nost u jehli\u010dnan\u016f, kter\u00e1 je zalo\u017eena na v\u011btrosnubnosti. D\u00e1le pak u soub\u011b\u017en\u011b kvetouc\u00edch travin jde zase o velikost pylov\u00fdch zrn a jeho snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159enos v\u011btrem na del\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti.<\/p>\n
\u017dlut\u00e1 barva \u0159epkov\u00fdch pol\u00ed v obdob\u00ed kveten\u00ed je se smutn\u00fdm konstatov\u00e1n\u00edm mnohem viditeln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jehli\u010dnat\u00fd les \u010di travn\u00ed porosty v okol\u00ed velk\u00fdch aglomerac\u00ed. Ano, v kv\u011btnu opravdu m\u00e1me povrch karos\u00e9ri\u00ed aut pokryt\u00fd pylem, ale jde ve skute\u010dnosti pouze o ten \u0159epkov\u00fd?<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“Ozim\u00e1 \u0159epka je velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 na \u017eiviny.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n
\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nAno, ozim\u00e1 \u0159epka je plodina velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 na \u017eiviny. Po\u017eadavky na \u017eiviny jsou u\u00a0\u0159epky 2 a\u017e 3 kr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u\u00a0obilovin. Na 1\u00a0t semene a\u00a0odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed sl\u00e1my od\u010derp\u00e1 v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru 50\u00a0kg N, 10,9\u00a0kg P, 50\u00a0kg K, 45\u00a0kg Ca a\u00a04,8\u00a0kg\u00a0Mg. Pom\u011brn\u011b zna\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1roky m\u00e1 i\u00a0na s\u00edru (18-22 kg) a\u00a0z\u00a0mikrobiogenn\u00edch prvk\u016f na b\u00f3r (0,3 kg) a\u00a0zinek (0,6 kg).<\/p>\n
Ale, na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny ostatn\u00edch plodin, \u0159epka p\u016fdu o tyto \u017eiviny neochuzuje. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u017eivin toti\u017e z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 na poli v podob\u011b poskliz\u0148ov\u00fdch zbytk\u016f. Do p\u016fdy se v poskliz\u0148ov\u00fdch zbytc\u00edch vrac\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek i miner\u00e1ln\u00edch \u017eivin – drasl\u00edku (90 %), v\u00e1pn\u00edku (90 %) a ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku (84 %), viz obr. 1.<\/a><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“Prod\u00e1van\u00fd \u0159epkov\u00fd olej je hydrogenovan\u00fd olej.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n
\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nK\u00a0hydrogenaci, jak u\u017e vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0n\u00e1zvu, je t\u0159eba vod\u00edk, kter\u00fd se p\u0159i rafinaci nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. P\u0159i desodoraci m\u016f\u017ee vznikat men\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed transmastn\u00fdch kyselin. Pokud jsou dodr\u017eov\u00e1ny z\u00e1sady spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed praxe, je jejich obsah ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1 %. To je zhruba 3x m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e je jejich obsah v\u00a0ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9m tuku, kdy k\u00a0hydrogenaci mastn\u00fdch kyselin v\u00a0bachoru p\u0159e\u017ev\u00fdkavc\u016f skute\u010dn\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Transmastn\u00e9 kyseliny ve strav\u011b nejsou z\u00a0hlediska vlivu na zdrav\u00ed \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0jak\u00e9hokoliv zdroje, jak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0metaanal\u00fdzy Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace WHO z\u00a0roku 2016. Negativn\u00ed vliv na zdrav\u00ed souvis\u00ed s\u00a0jejich obsahem v\u00a0potravin\u00e1ch a\u00a0konzumovan\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed. Obsah transmastn\u00fdch kyselin v\u00a0oleji pod 1 % je nutri\u010dn\u011b nev\u00fdznamn\u00fd.<\/p>\n
Evropsk\u00e1 komise stanovila v dubnu 2019 v r\u00e1mci Unie limit, podle kter\u00e9ho nesm\u00ed obsah transmastn\u00fdch kyselin jin\u00fdch ne\u017e p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edch v tuc\u00edch \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu p\u0159ekro\u010dit v potravin\u00e1ch ur\u010den\u00fdch pro kone\u010dn\u00e9ho spot\u0159ebitele a pro maloobchod hodnotu 2 g na 100 g tuku. Potraviny s obsahem transmastn\u00fdch kyselin vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bude mo\u017eno uv\u00e1d\u011bt na trh pouze do 1. dubna 2021. Rafinovan\u00fd \u0159epkov\u00fd olej limit spl\u0148uje s velkou rezervou.<\/p>\n
V\u00edce informac\u00ed na: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/246109\/1\/9789241510608-eng.pdf<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“\u0158epkov\u00fd olej je \u00fadajn\u011b pozoruhodn\u011b dobr\u00fdm pesticidem. Je vlastn\u011b hlavn\u00ed ingredienc\u00ed mnoha \u201enechemick\u00fdch\u201c pesticid\u016f.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n
\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nPou\u017eit\u00ed \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje jako pesticidu v\u016fbec nesouvis\u00ed s\u00a0jeho potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm. \u0158epkov\u00fd olej, podobn\u011b jako v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed oleje, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyu\u017eit k ochran\u011b proti \u0161kodliv\u00fdm organizm\u016fm, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed zalo\u017eena na chemick\u00e9m p\u016fsoben\u00ed. Mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed oleje (max. 4 %) ve vodn\u00ed emulzi obal\u00ed drobn\u00fd organizmus, kter\u00fd je znehybn\u011bn a\u00a0v\u00a0d\u016fsledku ucp\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch otvor\u016f udu\u0161en. Velkou v\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee takto pou\u017eit\u00fd olej p\u016fsob\u00ed selektivn\u011b pouze na drobn\u00e9 \u0161k\u016fdce a\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nec\u00edlov\u00e9 organizmy (nap\u0159. opylova\u010de) ji\u017e nehub\u00ed. Na listech vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 vrstvi\u010dka oleje m\u00e1 pro \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0161k\u016fdce repelentn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek a\u00a0omezuje t\u00e9\u017e rozvoj houbov\u00fdch chorob, proto\u017ee k\u00a0listu nepust\u00ed vlhkost.<\/p>\n
V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravc\u00edch funguj\u00edc\u00edch na chemick\u00e9 b\u00e1zi m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0159epkov\u00fd olej pou\u017eit jako nosi\u010d, ve kter\u00e9m je pesticidn\u00ed aktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tka rozpu\u0161t\u011bna. Oproti d\u0159\u00edve pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm miner\u00e1ln\u00edm olej\u016fm m\u00e1 \u0159epkov\u00fd olej tu v\u00fdhodu, \u017ee se v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b pom\u011brn\u011b rychle rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 a nekumuluje se v \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“\u0158epkov\u00fd olej obsahuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 omega 3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny, kter\u00e9 jsou v pr\u016fm\u011bru 2,7 kr\u00e1t toxi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e omega 6. “ open=“off“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“]<\/p>\n
\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nTento m\u00fdtus vznik\u00e1 spojov\u00e1n\u00edm konzumace nenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin s jejich potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed oxidac\u00ed v organismu.<\/p>\n
V organismu se mohou vyskytovat voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly a m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet k iniciaci ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch chemick\u00fdch reakc\u00ed s\u00a0nenasycen\u00fdmi mastn\u00fdmi kyselinami. Za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed panuje rovnov\u00e1ha mezi p\u016fsoben\u00edm voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f a antioxidant\u016f jako vitamin C, vitamin E,selen nebo <\/span><\/b>z<\/span><\/b>inek. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 tyto l\u00e1tky konzumovat v dostate\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed v r\u00e1mci pestr\u00e9 a vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 stravy. Vitamin E je p\u0159\u00edmo zastoupen v rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b \u0159epkov\u00e9ho. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je pot\u0159eba se vyvarovat i vliv\u016fm, kter\u00e9 podn\u011bcuj\u00ed oxidativn\u00ed stres, nap\u0159. t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kovy nebo i kou\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\nOmega 3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny jsou esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee si je organismus neum\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et a mus\u00edme je p\u0159ij\u00edmat v\u00a0r\u00e1mci stravy. Podle posledn\u00edch doporu\u010den\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace je doporu\u010den\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem pro omega 3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny 1-4 g denn\u011b. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem omega 3 mastn\u00fdch kyselin v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice se pohybuje v\u00a0doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti tohoto intervalu a je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed jej proto zv\u00fd\u0161it. \u00a0<\/span>\u0158epkov\u00fd olej pat\u0159\u00ed mezi b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 potraviny, kter\u00e9 lze pova\u017eovat za jejich velmi dobr\u00fd zdroj. B\u011b\u017en\u00e1 konzumace \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje (cca 20 g denn\u011b) d\u00edky univerz\u00e1ln\u00edmu pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch pokrm\u016f v dom\u00e1cnosti dod\u00e1v\u00e1 po\u017eadovan\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed omega 3 mastn\u00fdch kyselin.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“\u0158epkov\u00fd olej obsahuje proz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 omega 6 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n
\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nNegativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky proz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin pat\u0159\u00ed k \u010dasto \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm m\u00fdt\u016fm. Existuj\u00ed studie dokumentuj\u00edc\u00ed negativn\u00ed dopady vysok\u00e9 konzumace omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 na hlodavc\u00edch p\u0159ekrmovan\u00fdch tukem s v\u00fdhradn\u00edm zastoupen\u00edm omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin. Podobn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky ukazuj\u00ed i testy in vitro <\/em>na tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch. U lid\u00ed podobn\u00e9 studie chyb\u00ed, naopak jsou k dispozici studie, kter\u00e9 tyto teorie p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 konzumaci omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin vyvracej\u00ed.* Podle posledn\u00edch doporu\u010den\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace je doporu\u010den\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem pro omega 6 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny 5-18 g denn\u011b. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice t\u011bmto doporu\u010den\u00edm odpov\u00edd\u00e1. C\u00edlem je spot\u0159ebu omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin nikoliv omezovat, ale udr\u017eet. Z\u00a0tohoto pohledu m\u00e1 \u0159epkov\u00fd olej vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed ne\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad slune\u010dnicov\u00fd olej, kter\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin zvy\u0161uje.<\/p>\n*Johnson GH, Fritsche K (2012). Effect of dietary linoleic acid on markers of inflammation in healthy persons: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. J Acad Nutr Diet; 112: 1029-1041.<\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“P\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (nap\u0159. hexan).“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.7.0″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ hover_enabled=“0″ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“ sticky_enabled=“0″]<\/p>\n
\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nRostlinn\u00e9 oleje se z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed ze semen lisov\u00e1n\u00edm nebo extrakc\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b kombinac\u00ed obou postup\u016f.<\/p>\n
P\u0159i extrakci olej\u016f se nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 organick\u00e9 rozpou\u0161t\u011bdlo hexan, kter\u00fd je ozna\u010dov\u00e1n v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch na internetu jako toxick\u00e1 l\u00e1tka.<\/p>\n
\u00a0Extrakce jako technologick\u00fd postup z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed olej\u016f nen\u00ed v\u00e1z\u00e1na jen na \u0159epkov\u00fd olej, i kdy\u017e b\u00fdv\u00e1 s \u0159epkov\u00fdm olejem velmi \u010dasto spojov\u00e1na. Extrakce umo\u017e\u0148uje zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdt\u011b\u017enost olej\u016f ze semen nebo plod\u016f (nap\u0159. oliv). Ve extrahovan\u00fdch \u0161rotech je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed zbytkov\u00fd pod\u00edl oleje ne\u017e ve v\u00fdlisc\u00edch (zbytc\u00edch po lisov\u00e1n\u00ed). To zlep\u0161uje ekonomiku procesu v\u00fdroby olej\u016f.<\/p>\n
\u00a0Extrak\u010dn\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v \u0159ad\u011b potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fdrob a jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed upravuje sm\u011brnice Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a Rady 2009\/32. V\u0161echna rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla podle sm\u011brnice Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a Rady 2009\/32 mus\u00ed spl\u0148ovat kriteria \u010distoty a nesm\u011bj\u00ed obsahovat toxikologicky nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho prvku ani l\u00e1tky (\u010dl\u00e1nek 3, p\u00edsmeno a). Podle t\u00e9to sm\u011brnice jsou definov\u00e1ny zbytkov\u00e9 limity maxim\u00e1ln\u00edch mno\u017estv\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel v potravin\u00e1ch, pro hexan je to 1 mg\/kg. Vedle toho plat\u00ed i b\u011b\u017en\u00fd obecn\u00fd princip pro v\u0161echny cizorod\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, \u017ee podlimitn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed dan\u00e1 legislativou jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1na za bezpe\u010dn\u00e1. Hexan je t\u011bkav\u00fd a po extrakci je z oleje odstran\u011bn. Jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b olej\u016f nep\u0159edstavuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 zdravotn\u00ed rizika.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ fullwidth=“on“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″][et_pb_fullwidth_image src=“https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/uzky-banner-myty-2.jpg“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″][\/et_pb_fullwidth_image][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ custom_padding=“10px|||||“][et_pb_row column_structure=“3_4,1_4″ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ custom_padding=“7px|||||“][et_pb_column type=“3_4″ _builder_version=“4.0.1″][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.0.1″ custom_margin=“||-3px|||“ custom_padding=“||0px|||“] \u0158epka olejka je v\u00fdznamnou plodinou \u010desk\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Podobn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 postaven\u00ed m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v\u00a0jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch Evropy, ale t\u00e9\u017e Severn\u00ed Ameriky a\u00a0Asie. V\u00a0mnoha zem\u00edch se p\u011bstuje na v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch a\u00a0lok\u00e1ln\u011b i\u00a0s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm zastoupen\u00edm v\u00a0osevn\u00edm postupu, ne\u017e tomu je v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":970,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12\/revisions\/970"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![toto sch\u00e9ma.<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“Post\u0159iky hub\u00ed v\u010dely. “ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nJe pravdou, \u017ee se obecn\u011b v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, tedy i p\u0159i p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159epky, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 ni\u010d\u00ed jak \u0161k\u016fdce zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch plodin, tak i p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 organismy, mimo jin\u00e9 i v\u010dely. Je ale nutn\u00e9 podotknout, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd zem\u011bd\u011blec tyto l\u00e1tky nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 proto, aby v\u010delstva likvidoval, ale proto, \u017ee chce ochr\u00e1nit sv\u00e1 pole proti \u0161kodliv\u00fdm \u010dinitel\u016fm.<\/p>\nPro aplikaci insekticid\u016f plat\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 pravidla, nap\u0159. to, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u011bstitel mus\u00ed nahl\u00e1sit pou\u017eit\u00ed insekticidu dva dny p\u0159ed post\u0159ikem v\u0161em v\u010dela\u0159\u016fm v\u00a0okruhu p\u011bti kilometr\u016f. D\u00e1le pak aplikovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky maj\u00ed samy dosti v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed p\u0159i jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed. Je tak\u00e9 nutno \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 insekticidy jsou deklarovan\u00e9 jako pro v\u010dely ne\u0161kodn\u00e9, tak\u017ee riziko po\u0161kozen\u00ed v\u010delstev je v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed velmi mal\u00e9. V\u011bt\u0161ina p\u011bstitel\u016f tak\u00e9 aplikuje tyto pesticidy v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy se v\u00a0porostech nenach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u010dely. N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky obsa\u017een\u00e9 v\u00a0insekticidech dokonce pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u010dela\u0159i p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b v\u010delstev napaden\u00fdch varo\u00e1zou (tau\u2013fluvalin\u00e1t v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpravku Mavrik).<\/p>\nMimoto \u0159epka funguje v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b z\u00a0hlediska v\u010del jako velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 medonosn\u00e1 plodina, resp. jako v\u00fdborn\u00fd zdroj pylu a\u00a0nektaru a\u00a0v\u010dela\u0159i jsou obvykle velmi r\u00e1di za to, pokud sv\u00e1 v\u010delstva mohou um\u00edstit do bl\u00edzkosti \u0159epkov\u00fdch porost\u016f.<\/p>\nV\u00edce informac\u00ed: http:\/\/tvzemedelec.cz\/vztah-mezi-vcelami-repkou-a-insekticidy\/<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“Kvetouc\u00ed pole \u0159epky zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed alergie.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nAlergie je specifick\u00e1 (abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed) imunitn\u00ed reakce vyprovokovan\u00e1 tzv. antigenem (alergenem). Alergi\u00ed je mnoho typ\u016f a\u00a0mohou vzniknout kdykoliv b\u011bhem \u017eivota. Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 evropsk\u00e1 populace je citliv\u00e1 mnohem v\u00edce ne\u017e v\u00a0minulosti na velmi \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum alergen\u016f. Projevy alergie jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9 a\u00a0mohou m\u00edt podobu od ban\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00fdmy a\u017e po anafylaktick\u00fd \u0161ok kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed \u00famrt\u00edm.<\/p>\nJednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch alergi\u00ed je tzv. polin\u00f3za, alergie na pyl. \u0158epka je d\u00edky v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 barv\u011b kv\u011btu a specifick\u00e9 v\u016fni velmi n\u00e1padn\u00e1. Kvete ve stejnou dobu jako b\u0159\u00edzy, traviny \u010di obilniny, jejich\u017e pyl pat\u0159\u00ed mezi siln\u00e9 alergeny. Proto\u017ee v\u0161ak nemaj\u00ed tak v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 kv\u011btenstv\u00ed, mnoho lid\u00ed ani nenapadne d\u00e1vat si do souvislosti jejich kveten\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdmi alergick\u00fdmi pot\u00ed\u017eemi.<\/p>\n\u0158epkov\u00fd pyl se ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, nebo\u0165 pylov\u00e1 zrna \u0159epky jsou pom\u011brn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 a\u00a0hrudkuj\u00ed se. K\u00a0bli\u017e\u0161\u00edmu kontaktu citliv\u00fdch jedinc\u016f s\u00a0pylem tak doch\u00e1z\u00ed jen v\u00a0t\u011bsn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti pol\u00ed. Vliv \u0159epkov\u00e9ho pylu jako\u017eto alergenu byl sledov\u00e1n v\u00a0mnoha studi\u00edch a\u00a0sah\u00e1 ji\u017e des\u00edtky let do historie. Nap\u0159\u00edklad byly dlouhodob\u011b sledov\u00e1ny reakce jedinc\u016f z\u00a0cel\u00e9 vesnice, kdy byla pravideln\u011b v\u00a0okol\u00ed vys\u00e9van\u00e1 \u0159epka. Zhor\u0161en\u00e9 projevy (ka\u0161el, k\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed, bolesti hlavy) byly sp\u00ed\u0161e pozorov\u00e1ny u\u00a0ji\u017e alergick\u00fdch jedinc\u016f na jin\u00fd alergen \u010di u\u00a0jedinc\u016f maj\u00edc\u00edch ji\u017e jin\u00e9 bronchi\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my (nap\u0159. ku\u0159\u00e1ci apod.). U\u00a0zdrav\u00fdch jedinc\u016f byly zhor\u0161en\u00e9 bronchi\u00e1ln\u00ed projevy sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9. V\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch studi\u00edch se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee osob specificky alergick\u00fdch na \u0159epkov\u00fdch pyl je cca 0,2 %. V\u011bt\u0161ina alergik\u016f maj\u00ed tzv. zk\u0159\u00ed\u017eenou reaktivitu \u2013 kombinace r\u016fzn\u00fdch pylov\u00fdch alergen\u016f. \u0158epka je tedy m\u00edrn\u00fdm alergenem. V\u00fdskyt skute\u010dn\u00e9 alergie na pyl \u0159epky je v\u00a0populaci sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00fdjimkou.<\/p>\nV\u00edce informac\u00ed: http:\/\/www.szu.cz\/uploads\/documents\/chzp\/ovzdusi\/konz_dny_a_seminare\/2007\/6_repka.pdf https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=u03eVcRC0Rw<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“\u0158epkov\u00fd olej je produkt pro technick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, hod\u00ed se jen do motor\u016f.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nNa pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch produkt\u016f prim\u00e1rn\u011b ur\u010den\u00fdch k\u00a0v\u00fdrob\u011b potravin pro technick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely nen\u00ed nic \u0161patn\u00e9ho a\u00a0ani mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho. Nejen \u0159epka, ale i\u00a0brambory, cukrov\u00e1 \u0159epa, p\u0161enice nebo konop\u00ed na\u0161ly sv\u00e9 technick\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\nPotravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a\u00a0technick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed spolu v\u016fbec nesouvis\u00ed.<\/p>\nTuky a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mastn\u00e9 kyseliny v nich obsa\u017een\u00e9 maj\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b nenahraditelnou funkci. Jako alternativn\u00ed zdroj energie se daj\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt i v technick\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch. Technologie p\u0159em\u011bny oleje na methylestery mastn\u00fdch kyselin umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017eit\u00ed olej\u016f ve vzn\u011btov\u00fdch motorech bez nutnosti strojn\u00edch \u00faprav. Takto upraven\u00e9 oleje se chovaj\u00ed podobn\u011b jako nafta, proto se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs. Jedn\u00e1 se o technologii zcela odli\u0161nou od v\u00fdroby potravin.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“\u0158epkov\u00fd olej je pod\u0159adn\u00e9 kvality a m\u00e1 nevhodn\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed mastn\u00fdch kyselin.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nD\u016fvodem, pro\u010d je \u0159epkov\u00fd olej vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako olej ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed kvality, b\u00fdv\u00e1 jeho n\u00edzk\u00e1 cena. \u0158epkov\u00fd olej z d\u016fvod\u016f roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jeho p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdnos\u016f a n\u00e1klad\u016f na v\u00fdrobu pat\u0159\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b mezi levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oleje.<\/p>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1 cena v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1 n\u00edzkou kvalitu.<\/p>\n\u0158ada obchodn\u00edch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f nab\u00edz\u00ed \u0159epkov\u00fd olej kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b v\u00a0akc\u00edch za cenu ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tr\u017en\u00ed. Cenu ovliv\u0148uje i\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed nab\u00eddka a\u00a0popt\u00e1vka na trhu. Pokud byly v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9m marketinkov\u00e9m roce ne zcela vyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice nebo i\u00a0zem\u00edch Evropsk\u00e9 unie, kde se \u0159epka p\u011bstuje, a\u00a0v\u00fdnosy byly ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e obvykl\u00e9, zved\u00e1 se cena \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje a\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e cena oleje slune\u010dnicov\u00e9ho nebo s\u00f3jov\u00e9ho.<\/p>\nOpak je pravdou. Z\u00a0pohledu v\u00fd\u017eivy i\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159e kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho uplatn\u011bn\u00ed je \u0159epkov\u00fd olej ide\u00e1ln\u00ed volbou. Mezi odborn\u00edky na v\u00fd\u017eivu na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b jednozna\u010dn\u011b p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 n\u00e1zor, \u017ee \u0159epkov\u00fd olej je z\u00a0hlediska skladby mastn\u00fdch kyselin a\u00a0jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho pom\u011bru jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f pro lidskou spot\u0159ebu. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed \u0159epkov\u00fd olej dokonce p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 i\u00a0vysoce cen\u011bn\u00fd olej olivov\u00fd. Obsahuje relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 procento ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch nasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin a\u00a0naopak vysok\u00e9 procento preferovan\u00fdch omega 3 polynenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin, kter\u00fdch m\u00e1me ve strav\u011b nedostatek. V oleji jsou rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed omega 6 polynenasycen\u00e9 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny v mno\u017estv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k udr\u017een\u00ed jejich p\u0159\u00edjmu v r\u00e1mci celkov\u00e9 stravy.<\/p>\n\u0158ada spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch pr\u016fzkum\u016f ukazuje, \u017ee se b\u011b\u017en\u00fd spot\u0159ebitel neorientuje v\u00a0problematice v\u00fd\u017eivy, nezn\u00e1 slo\u017een\u00ed \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje, a\u00a0t\u00edm i\u00a0jeho p\u0159ednosti. Kombinace vysok\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00e9 hodnoty a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 ceny je jeho dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“\u0158epkov\u00fd olej obsahuje kyselinu erukovou, kter\u00e1 je zdrav\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e1.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0158epkov\u00fd olej obsahuje nepatrn\u00e9 a zdrav\u00ed naprosto ne\u0161kodn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed kyseliny erukov\u00e9. Vyr\u00e1b\u00ed se z\u00e1sadn\u011b z odr\u016fd ozna\u010dovan\u00fdch jako bezerukov\u00e9 \u010di n\u00edzkoerukov\u00e9. Obavy v\u0161ak st\u00e1le p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na ve star\u0161\u00ed generaci, kter\u00e1 byla v dob\u011b v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 potravinov\u00e9 nouze nucena pou\u017e\u00edvat olej ur\u010den\u00fd p\u016fvodn\u011b pro sv\u00edcen\u00ed. Ten obsahoval p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 45 % kyseliny erukov\u00e9. Ve studi\u00edch na zv\u00ed\u0159atech p\u0159i vysok\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edjmu kyseliny erukov\u00e9 doch\u00e1zelo k negativn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m srde\u010dn\u00edho svalu. C\u00edlev\u011bdomou prac\u00ed mnoha \u0161lechtitelsk\u00fdch t\u00fdm\u016f v Evrop\u011b a Kanad\u011b byl u\u017e v 70. letech obsah t\u00e9to mastn\u00e9 kyseliny postupn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een a\u017e na zlomek p\u016fvodn\u00edho obsahu. U sou\u010dasn\u00fdch odr\u016fd \u0159epky nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt obsah kyseliny erukov\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 2 %. Re\u00e1ln\u011b se v\u0161ak pohybuje nej\u010dast\u011bji na \u00farovni n\u011bkolika desetin procenta, \u010dasto pod mez\u00ed detekce b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 analytick\u00e9 metody. A\u0165 ji\u017e se setk\u00e1me s pojmy bezerukov\u00e9 \u010di n\u00edzkoerukov\u00e9 odr\u016fdy \u0159epky, jedn\u00e1 se v\u017edy prakticky o tot\u00e9\u017e. Kyselina erukov\u00e1 v takto n\u00edzk\u00e9m pod\u00edlu \u010din\u00ed \u0159epkov\u00fd olej zcela bezpe\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“Rafinace \u0159epkov\u00e9mu oleji \u0161kod\u00ed. Olej se zbavuje prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. P\u0159i rafinaci vznikaj\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9 voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nSurov\u00fd olej obsahuje \u0159adu ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 se odstra\u0148uj\u00ed v procesu rafinace.<\/p>\nRafinac\u00ed se olej zbavuje zbytk\u016f mechanick\u00fdch ne\u010distot, bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed, b\u00edlkovin a\u00a0sacharid\u016f, vody a\u00a0doprovodn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00fdmi mohou b\u00fdt stopy pesticid\u016f, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch kov\u016f nebo dal\u0161\u00edch kontaminant\u016f, je\u017e p\u0159e\u0161ly z\u00a0\u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. D\u00e1le se odstra\u0148uj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 barevn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (nap\u0159. chlorofyl), kter\u00e9 negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed chu\u0165ov\u00e9 vlastnosti oleje, zbytkov\u00fd obsah vody do 1 %, kter\u00fd se m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1zat na rostlinn\u00e9 slizy a\u00a0fosfolipidy a\u00a0spolu s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdmi b\u00edlkovinami m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u017eivnou p\u016fdou pro mikroorganismy. Rafinace odstran\u00ed tak\u00e9 zbytkov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti bun\u011bk semen, obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed lipolytick\u00e9 enzymy, kter\u00e9 z\u00a0tuku uvol\u0148uj\u00ed voln\u00e9 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny a\u00a0zhor\u0161uj\u00ed jeho jakost.<\/p>\nNa druhou stranu se p\u0159i rafinaci rovn\u011b\u017e sni\u017euje obsah prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch biologicky aktivn\u00edch l\u00e1tek, jako jsou tokoferoly (vitam\u00edn E) a\u00a0rostlinn\u00e9 steroly. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed obsahu tokoferol\u016f a\u00a0rostlinn\u00fdch sterol\u016f je v\u0161ak pouze \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00a0rozsahu 20 a\u017e 30 % z\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed. P\u0159esto m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jejich obsah v rafinovan\u00fdch olej\u00edch vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00a0olej\u00edch za studena lisovan\u00fdch. Jak je to mo\u017en\u00e9? P\u0159i lisov\u00e1n\u00ed za studena z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edce tokoferol\u016f a\u00a0rostlinn\u00fdch sterol\u016f v\u00a0semeni a\u00a0do oleje jich p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b. Oleje lisovan\u00e9 za studena se obvykle nerafinuj\u00ed. Proto nelze porovn\u00e1vat ztr\u00e1tu tokoferol\u016f p\u0159i rafinaci s\u00a0jejich obsahem v\u00a0olej\u00edch lisovan\u00fdch za studena. Oleje proch\u00e1zej\u00ed jin\u00fdmi procesy. Biologicky cennou skupinou jsou fosfolipidy, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch membr\u00e1n. Ty se v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu rafinace z\u00a0oleje odstran\u00ed. Z\u00a0hlediska v\u00fd\u017eivy mohou m\u00edt v\u00fdznam pouze v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy\u017e nedojde k\u00a0jejich rozkladu p\u0159i tepeln\u00e9 \u00faprav\u011b potravin. Jinak je jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed.<\/p>\nRafinac\u00ed se tedy nezhor\u0161uje kvalita oleje, mastn\u00e9 kyseliny z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00a0podstat\u011b nezm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9. Rafinovan\u00fd olej m\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo kyselosti a\u00a0peroxidov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo ne\u017e surov\u00fd i\u00a0lisovan\u00fd za studena. Obsahuje tedy m\u00e9n\u011b voln\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin a\u00a0prim\u00e1rn\u00edch oxida\u010dn\u00edch produkt\u016f. Voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly nevznikaj\u00ed jen p\u0159i rafinaci, ale i\u00a0p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m skladov\u00e1n\u00ed olej\u016f a\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed olej\u016f v\u00a0kuchyni. Pokud vznikaj\u00ed mimo organizmus, tak i\u00a0rychle zanikaj\u00ed d\u00edky jejich reaktivit\u011b. Re\u00e1ln\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje jejich vznik v\u00a0organizmu. Oleje s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm peroxidov\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem zvy\u0161uj\u00ed potenci\u00e1l tvorby voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1lu v\u00a0lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“\u0158epkov\u00fd olej obsahuje velk\u00fd pod\u00edl nenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin, proto m\u00e1 omezen\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i kuchy\u0148sk\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch. Nehod\u00ed se k p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b tepeln\u011b upravovan\u00fdch pokrm\u016f.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nNaopak, \u0159epkov\u00fd olej lze pou\u017e\u00edt k\u00a0va\u0159en\u00ed, du\u0161en\u00ed i\u00a0na p\u0159\u00edpravu studen\u00fdch pokrm\u016f. D\u00edky relativn\u011b vysok\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 stabilit\u011b je \u0159epkov\u00fd olej ide\u00e1ln\u00ed na jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 sma\u017een\u00ed a\u00a0pe\u010den\u00ed. Z\u00a0tohoto pohledu je nap\u0159\u00edklad vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e slune\u010dnicov\u00fd olej.<\/p>\nObohat\u00ed sal\u00e1tov\u00e9 z\u00e1livky i\u00a0nakl\u00e1danou zeleninu. Hod\u00ed se pro p\u0159\u00edpravu n\u011bkter\u00fdch mou\u010dn\u00edk\u016f. Uplatn\u011bn\u00ed najde v\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9 i\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kuchyni. Na rozd\u00edl od oleje sezamov\u00e9ho, d\u00fd\u0148ov\u00e9ho \u010di olivov\u00e9ho nep\u016fsob\u00ed dominantn\u00edm dojmem a\u00a0pouze dolad\u00ed chu\u0165 z\u00e1kladn\u00edch surovin pokrm\u016f.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice se p\u011bstuje GMO \u0159epka. \u0160kod\u00ed to p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b i lidem.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nGeneticky modifikovan\u00e9 plodiny se ve sv\u011bt\u011b p\u011bstuj\u00ed v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b asi na 180 mil. ha, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 cca 10 % v\u0161ech na planet\u011b zem\u011bd\u011blsky obd\u011bl\u00e1van\u00fdch ploch. Mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi a\u00a0plodinami jsou v\u0161ak obrovsk\u00e9 rozd\u00edly. K\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm p\u011bstitel\u016fm GM plodin pat\u0159\u00ed USA, Braz\u00edlie, Argentina, Indie a\u00a0Kanada. Hlavn\u00edmi GM plodinami jsou s\u00f3ja, bavln\u00edk, kuku\u0159ice a\u00a0\u0159epka.<\/p>\nV\u00a0Evrop\u011b je v\u0161ak situace \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e1. V\u00a0d\u016fsledku velmi p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 legislativy EU se v\u0161ak GM \u0159epka v\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zemi EU, v\u010detn\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, nep\u011bstuje, a\u00a0v\u00a0nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch letech se na tom velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nic nezm\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\nOt\u00e1zkou z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, zda je to dob\u0159e nebo \u0161patn\u011b, nebo\u0165 v\u0161echny GM plodiny p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed p\u011bstiteli \u010di spot\u0159ebiteli n\u011bjakou v\u00fdhodu. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se jedn\u00e1 o \u00fasporu n\u00e1klad\u016f spojen\u00fdch s agrotechnikou a v d\u016fsledku men\u0161\u00edho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pesticid\u016f tak\u00e9 o p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\nNap\u0159. v Kanad\u011b, kter\u00e1 je zn\u00e1ma d\u016fraznou ochranou sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody, jsou GM \u0159epka, kuku\u0159ice, s\u00f3ja a \u0159epa cukrov\u00e1 p\u011bstov\u00e1ny na ploch\u00e1ch v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e 11 mil. ha. \u0158epku tu p\u0159itom nalezneme ve v\u00edce ne\u017e 97 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f pr\u00e1v\u011b v podob\u011b geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 plodiny a zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b Kana\u010fan\u016f to v\u016fbec nevad\u00ed.<\/p>\nV\u00edce informac\u00ed: http:\/\/www.isaaa.org\/resources\/publications\/briefs\/51\/executivesummary\/default.asp http:\/\/www.biotrin.cz\/plochy-s-gm-plodinami-ve-svete-poprve-poklesly\/ http:\/\/www.mzp.cz\/C1257458002F0DC7\/cz\/aktualni_informace\/$FILE\/oeres-rizika_ucinky_GMO-20161101.pdf<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“P\u0159i kveten\u00ed \u0159epky je pyl v\u0161ude\u2026.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0158epka je v\u00fdznamnou medonosnou rostlinou. Po\u010d\u00e1tek kveten\u00ed je zpravidla od poloviny dubna a\u00a0trv\u00e1 v\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti na pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch 3 a\u017e 5 t\u00fddn\u016f. P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b je rostlinou samospra\u0161nou, av\u0161ak se zna\u010dn\u00fdm pod\u00edlem cizospr\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. O\u00a0cizospr\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed se z\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 procent star\u00e1 hmyz a\u00a0o\u00a0zbytek pak v\u00edtr. Pod\u00edl \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u011btrem nen\u00ed tedy tak enormn\u00ed, jak si \u0159ada lid\u00ed mysl\u00ed. Nav\u00edc \u0159epkov\u00fd pyl se ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, nebo\u0165 pylov\u00e1 zrna jsou t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 a\u00a0hrudkuj\u00ed se.<\/p>\nN\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdroky obhajuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159epku, \u017ee se pylov\u00e1 zrna \u0159epky ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed v\u011btrem v\u016fbec, jsou stejn\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed, jako v\u00fdroky o \u017elut\u00fdch autech v obdob\u00ed p\u0159elomu dubna a kv\u011btna, kter\u00e1 jsou \u00fadajn\u011b pokryta \u201e\u017elut\u00fdm \u0159epkov\u00fdm pylem\u201c. V tomto obdob\u00ed kvete \u0159ada jin\u00fdch rostlin nebo d\u0159evin. Pyl t\u011bchto rostlin, respektive d\u0159evin, je \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n s pylem \u0159epkov\u00fdm. Podstatn\u00fdm faktem ve prosp\u011bch \u0159epky je pr\u00e1v\u011b cizospra\u0161nost u jehli\u010dnan\u016f, kter\u00e1 je zalo\u017eena na v\u011btrosnubnosti. D\u00e1le pak u soub\u011b\u017en\u011b kvetouc\u00edch travin jde zase o velikost pylov\u00fdch zrn a jeho snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159enos v\u011btrem na del\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti.<\/p>\n\u017dlut\u00e1 barva \u0159epkov\u00fdch pol\u00ed v obdob\u00ed kveten\u00ed je se smutn\u00fdm konstatov\u00e1n\u00edm mnohem viditeln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jehli\u010dnat\u00fd les \u010di travn\u00ed porosty v okol\u00ed velk\u00fdch aglomerac\u00ed. Ano, v kv\u011btnu opravdu m\u00e1me povrch karos\u00e9ri\u00ed aut pokryt\u00fd pylem, ale jde ve skute\u010dnosti pouze o ten \u0159epkov\u00fd?<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“Ozim\u00e1 \u0159epka je velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 na \u017eiviny.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nAno, ozim\u00e1 \u0159epka je plodina velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 na \u017eiviny. Po\u017eadavky na \u017eiviny jsou u\u00a0\u0159epky 2 a\u017e 3 kr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u\u00a0obilovin. Na 1\u00a0t semene a\u00a0odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed sl\u00e1my od\u010derp\u00e1 v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru 50\u00a0kg N, 10,9\u00a0kg P, 50\u00a0kg K, 45\u00a0kg Ca a\u00a04,8\u00a0kg\u00a0Mg. Pom\u011brn\u011b zna\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1roky m\u00e1 i\u00a0na s\u00edru (18-22 kg) a\u00a0z\u00a0mikrobiogenn\u00edch prvk\u016f na b\u00f3r (0,3 kg) a\u00a0zinek (0,6 kg).<\/p>\nAle, na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny ostatn\u00edch plodin, \u0159epka p\u016fdu o tyto \u017eiviny neochuzuje. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u017eivin toti\u017e z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 na poli v podob\u011b poskliz\u0148ov\u00fdch zbytk\u016f. Do p\u016fdy se v poskliz\u0148ov\u00fdch zbytc\u00edch vrac\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek i miner\u00e1ln\u00edch \u017eivin – drasl\u00edku (90 %), v\u00e1pn\u00edku (90 %) a ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku (84 %), viz obr. 1.<\/a><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“Prod\u00e1van\u00fd \u0159epkov\u00fd olej je hydrogenovan\u00fd olej.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nK\u00a0hydrogenaci, jak u\u017e vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0n\u00e1zvu, je t\u0159eba vod\u00edk, kter\u00fd se p\u0159i rafinaci nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. P\u0159i desodoraci m\u016f\u017ee vznikat men\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed transmastn\u00fdch kyselin. Pokud jsou dodr\u017eov\u00e1ny z\u00e1sady spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed praxe, je jejich obsah ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1 %. To je zhruba 3x m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e je jejich obsah v\u00a0ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9m tuku, kdy k\u00a0hydrogenaci mastn\u00fdch kyselin v\u00a0bachoru p\u0159e\u017ev\u00fdkavc\u016f skute\u010dn\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/p>\nTransmastn\u00e9 kyseliny ve strav\u011b nejsou z\u00a0hlediska vlivu na zdrav\u00ed \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0jak\u00e9hokoliv zdroje, jak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0metaanal\u00fdzy Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace WHO z\u00a0roku 2016. Negativn\u00ed vliv na zdrav\u00ed souvis\u00ed s\u00a0jejich obsahem v\u00a0potravin\u00e1ch a\u00a0konzumovan\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed. Obsah transmastn\u00fdch kyselin v\u00a0oleji pod 1 % je nutri\u010dn\u011b nev\u00fdznamn\u00fd.<\/p>\nEvropsk\u00e1 komise stanovila v dubnu 2019 v r\u00e1mci Unie limit, podle kter\u00e9ho nesm\u00ed obsah transmastn\u00fdch kyselin jin\u00fdch ne\u017e p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edch v tuc\u00edch \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu p\u0159ekro\u010dit v potravin\u00e1ch ur\u010den\u00fdch pro kone\u010dn\u00e9ho spot\u0159ebitele a pro maloobchod hodnotu 2 g na 100 g tuku. Potraviny s obsahem transmastn\u00fdch kyselin vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bude mo\u017eno uv\u00e1d\u011bt na trh pouze do 1. dubna 2021. Rafinovan\u00fd \u0159epkov\u00fd olej limit spl\u0148uje s velkou rezervou.<\/p>\nV\u00edce informac\u00ed na: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/246109\/1\/9789241510608-eng.pdf<\/p>\n <\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“\u0158epkov\u00fd olej je \u00fadajn\u011b pozoruhodn\u011b dobr\u00fdm pesticidem. Je vlastn\u011b hlavn\u00ed ingredienc\u00ed mnoha \u201enechemick\u00fdch\u201c pesticid\u016f.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nPou\u017eit\u00ed \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje jako pesticidu v\u016fbec nesouvis\u00ed s\u00a0jeho potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm. \u0158epkov\u00fd olej, podobn\u011b jako v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed oleje, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyu\u017eit k ochran\u011b proti \u0161kodliv\u00fdm organizm\u016fm, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed zalo\u017eena na chemick\u00e9m p\u016fsoben\u00ed. Mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed oleje (max. 4 %) ve vodn\u00ed emulzi obal\u00ed drobn\u00fd organizmus, kter\u00fd je znehybn\u011bn a\u00a0v\u00a0d\u016fsledku ucp\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch otvor\u016f udu\u0161en. Velkou v\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee takto pou\u017eit\u00fd olej p\u016fsob\u00ed selektivn\u011b pouze na drobn\u00e9 \u0161k\u016fdce a\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nec\u00edlov\u00e9 organizmy (nap\u0159. opylova\u010de) ji\u017e nehub\u00ed. Na listech vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 vrstvi\u010dka oleje m\u00e1 pro \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0161k\u016fdce repelentn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek a\u00a0omezuje t\u00e9\u017e rozvoj houbov\u00fdch chorob, proto\u017ee k\u00a0listu nepust\u00ed vlhkost.<\/p>\nV n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravc\u00edch funguj\u00edc\u00edch na chemick\u00e9 b\u00e1zi m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0159epkov\u00fd olej pou\u017eit jako nosi\u010d, ve kter\u00e9m je pesticidn\u00ed aktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tka rozpu\u0161t\u011bna. Oproti d\u0159\u00edve pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm miner\u00e1ln\u00edm olej\u016fm m\u00e1 \u0159epkov\u00fd olej tu v\u00fdhodu, \u017ee se v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b pom\u011brn\u011b rychle rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 a nekumuluje se v \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“\u0158epkov\u00fd olej obsahuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 omega 3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny, kter\u00e9 jsou v pr\u016fm\u011bru 2,7 kr\u00e1t toxi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e omega 6. “ open=“off“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nTento m\u00fdtus vznik\u00e1 spojov\u00e1n\u00edm konzumace nenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin s jejich potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed oxidac\u00ed v organismu.<\/p>\nV organismu se mohou vyskytovat voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly a m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet k iniciaci ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch chemick\u00fdch reakc\u00ed s\u00a0nenasycen\u00fdmi mastn\u00fdmi kyselinami. Za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed panuje rovnov\u00e1ha mezi p\u016fsoben\u00edm voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f a antioxidant\u016f jako vitamin C, vitamin E,selen nebo <\/span><\/b>z<\/span><\/b>inek. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 tyto l\u00e1tky konzumovat v dostate\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed v r\u00e1mci pestr\u00e9 a vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 stravy. Vitamin E je p\u0159\u00edmo zastoupen v rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b \u0159epkov\u00e9ho. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je pot\u0159eba se vyvarovat i vliv\u016fm, kter\u00e9 podn\u011bcuj\u00ed oxidativn\u00ed stres, nap\u0159. t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kovy nebo i kou\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\nOmega 3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny jsou esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee si je organismus neum\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et a mus\u00edme je p\u0159ij\u00edmat v\u00a0r\u00e1mci stravy. Podle posledn\u00edch doporu\u010den\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace je doporu\u010den\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem pro omega 3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny 1-4 g denn\u011b. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem omega 3 mastn\u00fdch kyselin v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice se pohybuje v\u00a0doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti tohoto intervalu a je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed jej proto zv\u00fd\u0161it. \u00a0<\/span>\u0158epkov\u00fd olej pat\u0159\u00ed mezi b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 potraviny, kter\u00e9 lze pova\u017eovat za jejich velmi dobr\u00fd zdroj. B\u011b\u017en\u00e1 konzumace \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje (cca 20 g denn\u011b) d\u00edky univerz\u00e1ln\u00edmu pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch pokrm\u016f v dom\u00e1cnosti dod\u00e1v\u00e1 po\u017eadovan\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed omega 3 mastn\u00fdch kyselin.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“\u0158epkov\u00fd olej obsahuje proz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 omega 6 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nNegativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky proz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin pat\u0159\u00ed k \u010dasto \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm m\u00fdt\u016fm. Existuj\u00ed studie dokumentuj\u00edc\u00ed negativn\u00ed dopady vysok\u00e9 konzumace omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 na hlodavc\u00edch p\u0159ekrmovan\u00fdch tukem s v\u00fdhradn\u00edm zastoupen\u00edm omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin. Podobn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky ukazuj\u00ed i testy in vitro <\/em>na tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch. U lid\u00ed podobn\u00e9 studie chyb\u00ed, naopak jsou k dispozici studie, kter\u00e9 tyto teorie p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 konzumaci omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin vyvracej\u00ed.* Podle posledn\u00edch doporu\u010den\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace je doporu\u010den\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem pro omega 6 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny 5-18 g denn\u011b. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice t\u011bmto doporu\u010den\u00edm odpov\u00edd\u00e1. C\u00edlem je spot\u0159ebu omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin nikoliv omezovat, ale udr\u017eet. Z\u00a0tohoto pohledu m\u00e1 \u0159epkov\u00fd olej vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed ne\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad slune\u010dnicov\u00fd olej, kter\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin zvy\u0161uje.<\/p>\n*Johnson GH, Fritsche K (2012). Effect of dietary linoleic acid on markers of inflammation in healthy persons: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. J Acad Nutr Diet; 112: 1029-1041.<\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“P\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (nap\u0159. hexan).“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.7.0″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ hover_enabled=“0″ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“ sticky_enabled=“0″]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nRostlinn\u00e9 oleje se z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed ze semen lisov\u00e1n\u00edm nebo extrakc\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b kombinac\u00ed obou postup\u016f.<\/p>\nP\u0159i extrakci olej\u016f se nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 organick\u00e9 rozpou\u0161t\u011bdlo hexan, kter\u00fd je ozna\u010dov\u00e1n v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch na internetu jako toxick\u00e1 l\u00e1tka.<\/p>\n\u00a0Extrakce jako technologick\u00fd postup z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed olej\u016f nen\u00ed v\u00e1z\u00e1na jen na \u0159epkov\u00fd olej, i kdy\u017e b\u00fdv\u00e1 s \u0159epkov\u00fdm olejem velmi \u010dasto spojov\u00e1na. Extrakce umo\u017e\u0148uje zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdt\u011b\u017enost olej\u016f ze semen nebo plod\u016f (nap\u0159. oliv). Ve extrahovan\u00fdch \u0161rotech je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed zbytkov\u00fd pod\u00edl oleje ne\u017e ve v\u00fdlisc\u00edch (zbytc\u00edch po lisov\u00e1n\u00ed). To zlep\u0161uje ekonomiku procesu v\u00fdroby olej\u016f.<\/p>\n\u00a0Extrak\u010dn\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v \u0159ad\u011b potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fdrob a jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed upravuje sm\u011brnice Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a Rady 2009\/32. V\u0161echna rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla podle sm\u011brnice Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a Rady 2009\/32 mus\u00ed spl\u0148ovat kriteria \u010distoty a nesm\u011bj\u00ed obsahovat toxikologicky nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho prvku ani l\u00e1tky (\u010dl\u00e1nek 3, p\u00edsmeno a). Podle t\u00e9to sm\u011brnice jsou definov\u00e1ny zbytkov\u00e9 limity maxim\u00e1ln\u00edch mno\u017estv\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel v potravin\u00e1ch, pro hexan je to 1 mg\/kg. Vedle toho plat\u00ed i b\u011b\u017en\u00fd obecn\u00fd princip pro v\u0161echny cizorod\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, \u017ee podlimitn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed dan\u00e1 legislativou jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1na za bezpe\u010dn\u00e1. Hexan je t\u011bkav\u00fd a po extrakci je z oleje odstran\u011bn. Jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b olej\u016f nep\u0159edstavuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 zdravotn\u00ed rizika.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ fullwidth=“on“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″][et_pb_fullwidth_image src=“https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/uzky-banner-myty-2.jpg“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″][\/et_pb_fullwidth_image][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ custom_padding=“10px|||||“][et_pb_row column_structure=“3_4,1_4″ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ custom_padding=“7px|||||“][et_pb_column type=“3_4″ _builder_version=“4.0.1″][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.0.1″ custom_margin=“||-3px|||“ custom_padding=“||0px|||“] \u0158epka olejka je v\u00fdznamnou plodinou \u010desk\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Podobn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 postaven\u00ed m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v\u00a0jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch Evropy, ale t\u00e9\u017e Severn\u00ed Ameriky a\u00a0Asie. V\u00a0mnoha zem\u00edch se p\u011bstuje na v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch a\u00a0lok\u00e1ln\u011b i\u00a0s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm zastoupen\u00edm v\u00a0osevn\u00edm postupu, ne\u017e tomu je v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":970,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12\/revisions\/970"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}](\"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/olej-schema.jpg\"){kind=link}
![obr. 1.<\/a><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“Prod\u00e1van\u00fd \u0159epkov\u00fd olej je hydrogenovan\u00fd olej.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nK\u00a0hydrogenaci, jak u\u017e vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0n\u00e1zvu, je t\u0159eba vod\u00edk, kter\u00fd se p\u0159i rafinaci nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. P\u0159i desodoraci m\u016f\u017ee vznikat men\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed transmastn\u00fdch kyselin. Pokud jsou dodr\u017eov\u00e1ny z\u00e1sady spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed praxe, je jejich obsah ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1 %. To je zhruba 3x m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e je jejich obsah v\u00a0ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9m tuku, kdy k\u00a0hydrogenaci mastn\u00fdch kyselin v\u00a0bachoru p\u0159e\u017ev\u00fdkavc\u016f skute\u010dn\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/p>\nTransmastn\u00e9 kyseliny ve strav\u011b nejsou z\u00a0hlediska vlivu na zdrav\u00ed \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0jak\u00e9hokoliv zdroje, jak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0metaanal\u00fdzy Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace WHO z\u00a0roku 2016. Negativn\u00ed vliv na zdrav\u00ed souvis\u00ed s\u00a0jejich obsahem v\u00a0potravin\u00e1ch a\u00a0konzumovan\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed. Obsah transmastn\u00fdch kyselin v\u00a0oleji pod 1 % je nutri\u010dn\u011b nev\u00fdznamn\u00fd.<\/p>\nEvropsk\u00e1 komise stanovila v dubnu 2019 v r\u00e1mci Unie limit, podle kter\u00e9ho nesm\u00ed obsah transmastn\u00fdch kyselin jin\u00fdch ne\u017e p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edch v tuc\u00edch \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu p\u0159ekro\u010dit v potravin\u00e1ch ur\u010den\u00fdch pro kone\u010dn\u00e9ho spot\u0159ebitele a pro maloobchod hodnotu 2 g na 100 g tuku. Potraviny s obsahem transmastn\u00fdch kyselin vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bude mo\u017eno uv\u00e1d\u011bt na trh pouze do 1. dubna 2021. Rafinovan\u00fd \u0159epkov\u00fd olej limit spl\u0148uje s velkou rezervou.<\/p>\nV\u00edce informac\u00ed na: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/246109\/1\/9789241510608-eng.pdf<\/p>\n <\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“\u0158epkov\u00fd olej je \u00fadajn\u011b pozoruhodn\u011b dobr\u00fdm pesticidem. Je vlastn\u011b hlavn\u00ed ingredienc\u00ed mnoha \u201enechemick\u00fdch\u201c pesticid\u016f.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nPou\u017eit\u00ed \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje jako pesticidu v\u016fbec nesouvis\u00ed s\u00a0jeho potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm. \u0158epkov\u00fd olej, podobn\u011b jako v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed oleje, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyu\u017eit k ochran\u011b proti \u0161kodliv\u00fdm organizm\u016fm, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed zalo\u017eena na chemick\u00e9m p\u016fsoben\u00ed. Mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed oleje (max. 4 %) ve vodn\u00ed emulzi obal\u00ed drobn\u00fd organizmus, kter\u00fd je znehybn\u011bn a\u00a0v\u00a0d\u016fsledku ucp\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch otvor\u016f udu\u0161en. Velkou v\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee takto pou\u017eit\u00fd olej p\u016fsob\u00ed selektivn\u011b pouze na drobn\u00e9 \u0161k\u016fdce a\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nec\u00edlov\u00e9 organizmy (nap\u0159. opylova\u010de) ji\u017e nehub\u00ed. Na listech vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 vrstvi\u010dka oleje m\u00e1 pro \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0161k\u016fdce repelentn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek a\u00a0omezuje t\u00e9\u017e rozvoj houbov\u00fdch chorob, proto\u017ee k\u00a0listu nepust\u00ed vlhkost.<\/p>\nV n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravc\u00edch funguj\u00edc\u00edch na chemick\u00e9 b\u00e1zi m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0159epkov\u00fd olej pou\u017eit jako nosi\u010d, ve kter\u00e9m je pesticidn\u00ed aktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tka rozpu\u0161t\u011bna. Oproti d\u0159\u00edve pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm miner\u00e1ln\u00edm olej\u016fm m\u00e1 \u0159epkov\u00fd olej tu v\u00fdhodu, \u017ee se v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b pom\u011brn\u011b rychle rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 a nekumuluje se v \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“\u0158epkov\u00fd olej obsahuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 omega 3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny, kter\u00e9 jsou v pr\u016fm\u011bru 2,7 kr\u00e1t toxi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e omega 6. “ open=“off“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nTento m\u00fdtus vznik\u00e1 spojov\u00e1n\u00edm konzumace nenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin s jejich potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed oxidac\u00ed v organismu.<\/p>\nV organismu se mohou vyskytovat voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly a m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet k iniciaci ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch chemick\u00fdch reakc\u00ed s\u00a0nenasycen\u00fdmi mastn\u00fdmi kyselinami. Za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed panuje rovnov\u00e1ha mezi p\u016fsoben\u00edm voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f a antioxidant\u016f jako vitamin C, vitamin E,selen nebo <\/span><\/b>z<\/span><\/b>inek. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 tyto l\u00e1tky konzumovat v dostate\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed v r\u00e1mci pestr\u00e9 a vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 stravy. Vitamin E je p\u0159\u00edmo zastoupen v rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b \u0159epkov\u00e9ho. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je pot\u0159eba se vyvarovat i vliv\u016fm, kter\u00e9 podn\u011bcuj\u00ed oxidativn\u00ed stres, nap\u0159. t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kovy nebo i kou\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\nOmega 3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny jsou esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee si je organismus neum\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et a mus\u00edme je p\u0159ij\u00edmat v\u00a0r\u00e1mci stravy. Podle posledn\u00edch doporu\u010den\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace je doporu\u010den\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem pro omega 3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny 1-4 g denn\u011b. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem omega 3 mastn\u00fdch kyselin v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice se pohybuje v\u00a0doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti tohoto intervalu a je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed jej proto zv\u00fd\u0161it. \u00a0<\/span>\u0158epkov\u00fd olej pat\u0159\u00ed mezi b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 potraviny, kter\u00e9 lze pova\u017eovat za jejich velmi dobr\u00fd zdroj. B\u011b\u017en\u00e1 konzumace \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje (cca 20 g denn\u011b) d\u00edky univerz\u00e1ln\u00edmu pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch pokrm\u016f v dom\u00e1cnosti dod\u00e1v\u00e1 po\u017eadovan\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed omega 3 mastn\u00fdch kyselin.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“\u0158epkov\u00fd olej obsahuje proz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 omega 6 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny.“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nNegativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky proz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin pat\u0159\u00ed k \u010dasto \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm m\u00fdt\u016fm. Existuj\u00ed studie dokumentuj\u00edc\u00ed negativn\u00ed dopady vysok\u00e9 konzumace omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 na hlodavc\u00edch p\u0159ekrmovan\u00fdch tukem s v\u00fdhradn\u00edm zastoupen\u00edm omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin. Podobn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky ukazuj\u00ed i testy in vitro <\/em>na tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch. U lid\u00ed podobn\u00e9 studie chyb\u00ed, naopak jsou k dispozici studie, kter\u00e9 tyto teorie p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 konzumaci omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin vyvracej\u00ed.* Podle posledn\u00edch doporu\u010den\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace je doporu\u010den\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem pro omega 6 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny 5-18 g denn\u011b. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice t\u011bmto doporu\u010den\u00edm odpov\u00edd\u00e1. C\u00edlem je spot\u0159ebu omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin nikoliv omezovat, ale udr\u017eet. Z\u00a0tohoto pohledu m\u00e1 \u0159epkov\u00fd olej vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed ne\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad slune\u010dnicov\u00fd olej, kter\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem omega 6 mastn\u00fdch kyselin zvy\u0161uje.<\/p>\n*Johnson GH, Fritsche K (2012). Effect of dietary linoleic acid on markers of inflammation in healthy persons: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. J Acad Nutr Diet; 112: 1029-1041.<\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=“P\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (nap\u0159. hexan).“ open_toggle_text_color=“#178916″ closed_toggle_text_color=“#ffffff“ closed_toggle_background_color=“#178916″ icon_color=“#ffffff“ _builder_version=“4.7.0″ background_color=“rgba(237,240,0,0.13)“ background_enable_color=“on“ hover_enabled=“0″ toggle_text_color=“#178916″ toggle_font=“|800|||||||“ open=“off“ sticky_enabled=“0″]<\/p>\n\u2026 a jak je to doopravdy \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\nRostlinn\u00e9 oleje se z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed ze semen lisov\u00e1n\u00edm nebo extrakc\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b kombinac\u00ed obou postup\u016f.<\/p>\nP\u0159i extrakci olej\u016f se nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 organick\u00e9 rozpou\u0161t\u011bdlo hexan, kter\u00fd je ozna\u010dov\u00e1n v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch na internetu jako toxick\u00e1 l\u00e1tka.<\/p>\n\u00a0Extrakce jako technologick\u00fd postup z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed olej\u016f nen\u00ed v\u00e1z\u00e1na jen na \u0159epkov\u00fd olej, i kdy\u017e b\u00fdv\u00e1 s \u0159epkov\u00fdm olejem velmi \u010dasto spojov\u00e1na. Extrakce umo\u017e\u0148uje zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdt\u011b\u017enost olej\u016f ze semen nebo plod\u016f (nap\u0159. oliv). Ve extrahovan\u00fdch \u0161rotech je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed zbytkov\u00fd pod\u00edl oleje ne\u017e ve v\u00fdlisc\u00edch (zbytc\u00edch po lisov\u00e1n\u00ed). To zlep\u0161uje ekonomiku procesu v\u00fdroby olej\u016f.<\/p>\n\u00a0Extrak\u010dn\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v \u0159ad\u011b potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fdrob a jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed upravuje sm\u011brnice Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a Rady 2009\/32. V\u0161echna rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla podle sm\u011brnice Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a Rady 2009\/32 mus\u00ed spl\u0148ovat kriteria \u010distoty a nesm\u011bj\u00ed obsahovat toxikologicky nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho prvku ani l\u00e1tky (\u010dl\u00e1nek 3, p\u00edsmeno a). Podle t\u00e9to sm\u011brnice jsou definov\u00e1ny zbytkov\u00e9 limity maxim\u00e1ln\u00edch mno\u017estv\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel v potravin\u00e1ch, pro hexan je to 1 mg\/kg. Vedle toho plat\u00ed i b\u011b\u017en\u00fd obecn\u00fd princip pro v\u0161echny cizorod\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, \u017ee podlimitn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed dan\u00e1 legislativou jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1na za bezpe\u010dn\u00e1. Hexan je t\u011bkav\u00fd a po extrakci je z oleje odstran\u011bn. Jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b olej\u016f nep\u0159edstavuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 zdravotn\u00ed rizika.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ fullwidth=“on“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″][et_pb_fullwidth_image src=“https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/uzky-banner-myty-2.jpg“ _builder_version=“4.0.1″][\/et_pb_fullwidth_image][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=“1″ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ custom_padding=“10px|||||“][et_pb_row column_structure=“3_4,1_4″ _builder_version=“4.0.1″ custom_padding=“7px|||||“][et_pb_column type=“3_4″ _builder_version=“4.0.1″][et_pb_text _builder_version=“4.0.1″ custom_margin=“||-3px|||“ custom_padding=“||0px|||“] \u0158epka olejka je v\u00fdznamnou plodinou \u010desk\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Podobn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 postaven\u00ed m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v\u00a0jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch Evropy, ale t\u00e9\u017e Severn\u00ed Ameriky a\u00a0Asie. V\u00a0mnoha zem\u00edch se p\u011bstuje na v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch a\u00a0lok\u00e1ln\u011b i\u00a0s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm zastoupen\u00edm v\u00a0osevn\u00edm postupu, ne\u017e tomu je v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":970,"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12\/revisions\/970"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}](\"https:\/\/www.olejnadzlato.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ziviny-graf.png\"){kind=link}